Age and gender adjusted OR of pain intensity according to metabolic factors, adipokines, medication, depressive symptoms and work-related factors
| Characteristic | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||
| <25.0 | 1 | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 1.9 | 0.9 to 4.0 |
| ≥30.0 | 2.1 | 0.8 to 5.4 |
| Waist circumference* | ||
| Normal | 1 | |
| Overweight | 1.6 | 0.6 to 3.8 |
| Obese | 3.2 | 1.4 to 7.4 |
| Waist–hip ratio† | ||
| Normal | 1 | |
| Overweight | 1.0 | 0.5 to 2.2 |
| Obese | 3.3 | 1.3 to 8.6 |
| Fat percent tertile | ||
| <23.3 | 1 | |
| 23.3–30.5 | 0.9 | 0.3 to 2.3 |
| >30.5 | 1.7 | 0.7 to 4.2 |
| Body fat index tertile (kg/m2) | ||
| <5.13 | 1 | |
| 5.13–7.41 | 0.9 | 0.4 to 2.3 |
| >7.41 | 1.6 | 0.7 to 3.6 |
| Total cholesterol tertile (mmol/L) | ||
| <4.7 | 1 | |
| 4.7–5.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 to 2.7 |
| >5.3 | 1.8 | 0.8 to 4.0 |
| LDL cholesterol tertile (mmol/L) | ||
| <2.5 | 1 | |
| 2.5–3.3 | 1.1 | 0.4 to 2.6 |
| >3.3 | 1.7 | 0.7 to 4.2 |
| HDL cholesterol tertile (mmol/L) | ||
| >1.83 | 1 | |
| 1.48–1.83 | 0.9 | 0.4 to 2.2 |
| <1.48 | 2.7 | 1.2 to 6.3 |
| HDL ratio tertile | ||
| <2.73 | 1 | |
| 2.73–3.31 | 2.8 | 1.2 to 6.9 |
| >3.31 | 2.6 | 1.1 to 6.4 |
| Triglycerides tertile (mmol/L) | ||
| <0.72 | 1 | |
| 0.72–1.08 | 1.7 | 0.7 to 4.0 |
| >1.08 | 2.8 | 1.2 to 6.6 |
| Adipokines‡ | ||
| Adiponectin | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.3 |
| Leptin | 1.2 | 0.9 to 1.8 |
| Resistin | 1.2 | 0.8 to 1.6 |
| Visfatin | 1.4 | 1.0 to 2.0 |
| Medication | ||
| Statin | 0.9 | 0.2 to 4.3 |
| Antihypertensive | 1.5 | 0.6 to 3.8 |
| Antidepressive | 1.2 | 0.2 to 7.6 |
| Depressive symptoms | 2.5 | 1.2 to 5.2 |
| Physical load | 1.5 | 0.7 to 3.1 |
| Job strain | 0.2 | 0.1 to 0.7 |
| Fear avoidance beliefs | 1.2 | 0.4 to 3.4 |
*Normal: men <94 cm, women <80 cm; overweight: men 94–101.9 cm, women 80–87.9 cm; obese: men ≥102 cm, women ≥88 cm.
†Normal: men <0.9, women <0.8; Overweight: men 0.9–1.0; obese: women 0.8–0.9 men >1.0; women >0.9.
‡Continuous variable; increment of 1SD.