Table 1

Baseline characteristics of participants with radiographic knee osteoarthritis according to levels of soft drink intake

Variables		Soft drink intake (times/week)
Variables	Total N=2149	None, n=687	≤1, n=976	2–4, n=285	≥5, n=201	p Value
Age (years), mean (SD)	62.4 (9.0)	63.9 (8.9)	62.7 (8.8)	61.6 (9.1)	58.0 (8.0)	<0.001
Men (%)	41.32	29.40	44.98	49.12	53.23	<0.001
Race/ethnicity (%)
Non-hispanic White	76.04	83.70	77.36	62.46	62.69
Non-hispanic Black	20.75	12.95	19.36	34.74	34.33
Others	3.21	3.35	3.28	2.81	2.99	<0.001
Education (%)
≤High school	18.44	14.12	17.21	27.72	26.00
College	45.90	46.00	46.31	44.56	45.50
Above college	35.66	39.88	36.48	27.72	28.50	<0.001
Household income (%)
<25k	15.17	11.51	15.04	18.42	23.56
25k–49k	27.85	27.06	27.77	31.20	26.18
50k–99k	36.00	37.17	36.99	34.96	28.80
100k+	20.98	24.26	20.20	15.41	21.47	<0.001
Married (%)	65.02	64.77	67.90	59.65	59.50	0.075
Employed (%)	58.21	53.31	57.89	58.60	69.15	0.002
Smoke (%)
Never	54.07	51.53	53.79	59.65	56.22
Current	6.38	4.51	5.43	7.02	16.42
Past	39.55	43.96	40.78	33.33	27.36	<0.001
Alcohol (g/day)
0–<5	66.08	63.75	66.19	68.77	69.65
5–<10	10.80	11.21	10.45	12.98	7.96
10+	23.12	25.04	23.36	18.25	22.39	0.056
PASE, mean (SD)	157 (82)	147 (77)	161 (82)	165 (90)	163 (83)	0.001
BMI (kg/m²) (%)
<25	15.68	20.23	16.09	9.82	6.47
25–29	38.39	36.83	39.34	40.70	35.82
30+	45.93	42.94	44,57	49.47	57.71	<0.001
Gout (%)	3.63	2.77	4.00	5.26	2.49	0.447
KL grade (index knee) (%)
2	63.47	65.07	63.52	57.89	65.67
3	36.53	34.93	36.48	42.11	34.33	<0.001
Milk (times/week)
None	17.19	22.27	12.62	17.31	21.89
≤1	30.52	28.09	32.41	29.33	31.34
2–4	21.39	20.52	22.87	20.49	18.41
≥5	30.89	29.11	32.10	32.86	28.36	0.657

BMI, body mass index; KL, Kellgren-Lawrence Scale; PASE, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly score.