Treatment group, N (%) | VKA naive | VKA experienced* | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | |||
Number of patients | 5832 | 46534 | |
Age, mean (SD), years | 72.2 (±10.9) | 73.8 (±9.9) | |
Age 65–74 years | 2003 (34.3) | 15669 (33.7) | 0.30 |
Age ≥75 years | 2583 (44.3) | 23374 (50.2) | <0.001 |
Female | 2471 (42.4) | 18168 (39.0) | <0.001 |
Male | 3361 (57.6) | 28366 (60.9) | <0.001 |
Comorbidity | |||
Heart failure | 616 (10.6) | 8377 (18.0) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 2422 (41.5) | 26751 (57.5) | <0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 776 (13.3) | 7894 (17.0) | <0.001 |
Previous thromboembolism | 351 (6.0) | 3456 (7.4) | <0.001 |
Vascular disease | 809 (13.9) | 6497 (14.0) | 0.85 |
Alcohol | 236 (4.1) | 1598 (3.4) | 0.02 |
Liver | 94 (1.6) | 644 (1.4) | 0.16 |
Kidney disease | 353 (6.0) | 3120 (6.7) | 0.06 |
Previous bleeding | 492 (8.4) | 4966 (10.7) | <0.001 |
Warfarin | 4237 (72.7) | 45403 (97.6) | <0.001 |
Dabigatran 110 mg | 830 (14.2) | 782 (1.7) | <0.001 |
Dabigatran 150 mg | 765 (13.1) | 349 (0.8) | <0.001 |
Concomitant therapy | |||
Digoxin | 808 (13.9) | 16934 (36.4) | <0.001 |
Amiodarone | 158 (2.7) | 2244 (4.8) | <0.001 |
Class 1C AA† | 88 (1.5) | 941 (2.0) | 0.008 |
Sotalol | 118 (2.0) | 902 (1.9) | 0.66 |
β-Blockers | 2499 (42.9) | 29996 (64.5) | <0.001 |
Non-dihydropyridine CCBs‡ | 1604 (27.5) | 14436 (31.0) | <0.001 |
NSAIDs | 1172 (20.1) | 6929 (14.9) | <0.001 |
Aspirin | 2517 (43.2) | 13429 (28.9) | <0.001 |
CHADS2§ | |||
Low (score 0) | 1713 (29.4) | 7610 (16.4) | <0.001 |
Intermediate (score 1) | 2081 (35.7) | 15971 (34.3) | <0.001 |
High (score 2–6) | 2038 (35.0) | 22953 (49.3) | <0.001 |
Mean score (SD) | 1.2 (±1.1) | 1.6 (±1.1) | |
CHA2DS2-VASc¶ | |||
Low (score 0) | 500 (8.6) | 1849 (4.0) | <0.001 |
Intermediate (score 1) | 991 (17.0) | 5758 (12.4) | <0.001 |
High (score 2–6) | 4341 (74.4) | 38927 (83.7) | <0.001 |
Mean score (SD) | 2.6 (±1.5) | 2.9 (±1.5) | |
HAS-BLED** | |||
Low (score 0) | 1997 (34.2) | 13784 (29.6) | <0.001 |
Intermediate (score 1) | 1994 (34.1) | 17619 (37.9) | <0.001 |
High (score 2–6) | 1841 (31.6) | 15131 (32.5) | <0.001 |
Mean score (SD) | 2.0 (±1.1) | 2.1 (±1.0) |
*Previous VKA use/VKA experienced: Prescription claims of warfarin from 0 to 180 days prior to baseline stratification.
†Class 1C AA:drug coded as ATC ‘C01B’.
‡Non-dihydropyridine CCBs: drugs coded as ‘C08DA’.
§CHADS2: Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years, Diabetes mellitus, Stroke/transient ischaemic attack.
¶CHA2DS2–VASc: CHADS2, adding vascular disease, age 65–75 and female sex.
**HAS-BLED: hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalised ratio(left out due to lack of information, as carried out previously), elderly (>65 years), drugs/alcohol concomitantly.
NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.