Table 3

Association between outcomes (condom use and STIs including HIV), and the two rounds of IBBA among high-risk men who have sex with men/male-to-female transgenders in Andhra Pradesh, India†‡

OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)
Unadjusted modelsAdjusted models§
A. Condom use
Condom use during the last sex act
 With regular male partner1.50 (0.92 to 2.43)2.93 (1.70 to 5.06)**
 With paying male partner1.30 (0.69 to 2.35)2.82 (1.16 to 6.84)*
 With paid male/hijra partners3.59 (1.37 to 9.43)*7.73 (1.44 to 41.38)*
 With other non-commercial male/hijra partner2.96 (1.95 to 4.51)**4.07 (2.51 to 6.59)**
Consistent condom use
 With regular male partner53.96 (32.15 to 90.58)**103.72 (44.13 to 243.78)**
 With paid male/hijra partners59.26 (24.81 to 141.49)**189.49 (41.44 to 866.58)**
 With other non-commercial male/hijra partner48.16 (27.13 to 85.50)*66.33 (34.59 to 127.20)**
B. Sexually transmitted infections (including HIV)
 Syphilis¶0.74 (0.42 to 1.30)0.56 (0.30 to 1.05)
 Syphilis titre≥1 : 8††0.46 (0.24 to 0.87)*0.49 (0.22 to 1.09)
 Chlamydia infection1.56 (0.46 to 5.34)1.42 (0.38 to 5.39)
 Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection0.25 (0.05 to 1.25)0.30 (0.001 to 0.975)*
 HIV-1 infection1.14 (0.77 to 1.69)0.94 (0.58 to 1.52)

  • *p<0.05.

  • **p<0.01.

  • †The estimates shown here are weighted estimates.

  • ‡The reference for each of the estimate is Round 1 of the IBBA. Thus, for consistent condom use with a regular male partner the interpretation will be as follows: Subjects in Round 2 of IBBA were significantly more likely to report consistent condom use with a regular male partner compared with those in Round 1 of IBBA (OR 53.96, 95% CI 32.15 to 90.58).

  • §The models were adjusted for age, marital status, income, literacy, district of interview, local dweller, sexual identity, age of first sexual activity and sex outside the place of current residence.

  • ¶Any person reactive on RPR and TPHA.

  • ††The titre obtained on reactive RPR was used to measure this variable.

  • IBBA,integrated biological and behavioural assessment;RPR, Reactive Plasma Reagin; TPHA, Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay.