OR (95% CI) for low ankle-brachial index (ABI) after 5 years of follow-up in women who were 64-years old at baseline and in relation to tertiles of blood cadmium levels, serum ICAM-1 and prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques in the femoral artery at baseline
| All (n=440) | No femoral plaque at baseline (n=312) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertiles (B-Cd, μg/l)* | 1 (0.08 to 0.25) | 2 (0.25 to 0.44) | 3 (0.44 to 4.07) | p Value (tertile 3/1) | 1 (0.08 to 0.25) | 2 (0.25 to 0.44) | 3 (0.44 to 4.07) | p Value (tertile 3/1) |
| ABI ≤ 0.9, n (%)† | 13 (8.6) | 8 (5.4) | 30 (21.1) | 7 (6.1) | 6 (5.5) | 17 (19.1) | ||
| Unadjusted | 1 | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.5) | 2.8 (1.4 to 5.7) | 0.003 | 1 | 0.9 (0.3 to 2.7) | 3.6 (1.4 to 9.1) | 0.007 |
| Adjustment‡ | 1 | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.6) | 2.4 (0.9 to 6.3) | 0.068 | 1 | 0.9 (0.3 to 3.0) | 3.7 (1.05 to 13.3) | 0.042 |
| Adjustment‡ + ICAM-1 | 1 | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.6) | 2.4 (0.9 to 6.3) | 0.068 | 1 | 0.9 (1.3 to 3.1) | 3.8 (1.1 to 13.3) | 0.041 |
*Minimum–maximum.
†Number (%) of low ankle-brachial index in each tertile.
‡Adjustment for pack-years of smoking, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, apolipoprotein B/A-I, statin treatment, stratification group at baseline (normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes).
HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; ICAM-1, proatherogenic intercellular adhesion molecule-1.