Estimated research expenses by type of research, place and funder, Finland 2009, million Euros (%)
| Place of research | Total | State budget | Municipalities | Other public* | Enterprisers†‡ | EU | Other§ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical research | |||||||
| Universities¶ | 121 | 31 | 2 | 54 | 21 | 5 | 9 |
| Percentage of university health research | (42) | (30) | (48) | (51) | (55) | (27) | (43) |
| Health research** | |||||||
| Universities¶ | 287 | 102 | 4 | 105 | 38 | 17 | 20 |
| Other public†† | 109 | 69 | 5 | 24 | 3 | 6 | 3 |
| Enterprisers‡‡ | 225 | – | – | 9 | 215 | 0.3 | – |
| Total | 621 | 171 | 9 | 139 | 255 | 23 | 24 |
| All R&D | |||||||
| Universities¶ | 1283 | 996 | NA | ∼92 | ∼197 | 85 | – |
| Other public | 657 | 431 | NA | ∼45 | ∼148 | 40 | – |
| Enterprisers | 4847 | 197 | NA | ∼16 | ∼4632 | 16 | – |
| Total | 6787 | 1624 | NA | ∼107 | ∼4977 | 141 | – |
*State+other public.
†Domestic and foreign enterprises.
‡Own funding.
§Domestic and foreign foundations, other foreign, own resources (kotimaiset ja ulkomaiset rahastot, muu ulkomainen, omat varat).
¶Includes universities and universities of applied science; clinical research not specified for other places.
**In universities and other public institutes: medicine and health sciences (lääke- ja terveystieteet); in enterprises: drugs and chemical products.
††Public sector, social and health ministry.
‡‡Chemical products, drugs (kemialliset tuotteet, lääkeainet).
Source: Statistics Finland (Tilastokeskus 2011).
EU, European Union; R&D, research and development.