| Univariate model | Multivariate model* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value |
| Panel A: logistic regression analyses for modelling anaemia, haemoglobin (g/dl) <12 vs ≥12 | ||||
| HIV status, HIV+ vs HIV− | 3.84 (2.17 to 6.82) | <0.001 | NA† | |
| HIV+, CD4 >350 vs HIV− | 1.27 (0.59 to 2.75) | 0.54 | 1.47 (0.68 to 3.21) | 0.33 |
| HIV+, CD4 200–350 vs HIV− | 3.09 (1.64 to 5.81) | <0.001 | 3.59 (1.88 to 6.83) | <0.001 |
| HIV+, CD4 <200 vs HIV− | 7.42 (4.05 to 13.58) | <0.001 | 8.09 (4.37 to 14.97) | <0.001 |
| Age (years), 30–40 vs <30 | 0.84 (0.54 to 1.31) | 0.44 | ||
| Age (years), 40+ vs <30 | 0.65 (0.40 to 1.06) | 0.08 | ||
| 10–35 k Rwf vs <10 k | 0.67(0.46 to 0.98) | 0.04 | 0.68 (0.45 to 1.03) | 0.07 |
| >35 k Rwf vs <10 k | 0.80 (0.47 to 1.38) | 0.43 | 0.94 (0.52 to 1.70) | 0.85 |
| Some primary school | 0.96 (0.61 to 1.51) | 0.87 | ||
| Secondary or university | 1.00 (0.65 to 1.56) | 0.98 | ||
| BMI (per kg/m2) per unit | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.92) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.93) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol 1–4 drinks/week | 0.97 (0.42 to 2.25) | 0.95 | ||
| Alcohol >4 drinks/week | 1.09 (0.68 to 175) | 0.71 | ||
| Co-trimoxazole or dapsone use | 2.45 (1.54 to 3.89) | 0.0002 | ||
| WHO stage 4 illness, Yes vs No | 2.40 (1.68 to 3.43) | <0.001 | ||
| Widowed vs married/partner | 0.99 (0.67 to 1.47) | 0.96 | ||
| Other vs married/partner | 1.29 (0.80 to 2.07) | 0.30 | ||
| Smoking vs not smoking | 0.98 (0.33 to 2.92) | 0.98 | ||
| Employed vs not employed | 1.07 (0.71 to 1.63) | 0.73 | ||
| Panel B: logistic regression analyses for modelling neutropenia WBC (cells/mm3) <2000 vs ≥2000 | ||||
| HIV status, HIV+ vs HIV− | 9.68 (1.31 to 71.58) | 0.03 | NA† | |
| HIV+, CD4 >350 vs HIV− | 2.51 (0.23 to 27.89) | 0.45 | 1.03 (0.08 to 13.15) | 0.98 |
| HIV+, CD4 200–350 vs HIV− | 5.44 (0.68 to 45.51) | 0.12 | 1.86 (0.78 to 65.82) | 0.60 |
| HIV+, CD4 <200 vs HIV− | 20.37 (2.71 to 153.1) | 0.003 | 7.18 (0.78 to 65.82) | 0.08 |
| Age (years), 30–40 vs <30 | 0.77 (0.33 to 1.77) | 0.54 | ||
| Age (years), 40+ vs <30 | 0.28 (0.08 to 0.92) | 0.04 | ||
| 10–35 k Rwf vs <10 k | 1.07 (0.47 to 2.42) | 0.87 | ||
| >35 k Rwf vs <10 k | 1.41 (0.48 to 4.14) | 0.53 | ||
| Some primary school | 1.05 (0.39 to 2.80) | 0.92 | ||
| Secondary or university | 1.20 (0.46 to 3.09) | 0.71 | ||
| BMI (per kg/m2) per unit | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.06) | 0.40 | ||
| Alcohol 1–4 drinks/week | 0.71 (0.09 to 5.43) | 0.74 | ||
| Alcohol >4 drinks/week | 1.07 (0.40 to 2.89) | 0.89 | ||
| WHO stage 4 illness yes vs no | 3.36 (1.57 to 7.21) | 0.002 | ||
| Co-trimoxazole or dapsone use | 12.18 (1.65 to 90.0) | 0.014 | 5.69 (0.63 to 52.5) | 0.12 |
| Widowed vs married/partner | 1.15 (0.50 to 2.66) | 0.74 | ||
| Other vs married/partner | 1.19 (0.43 to 3.34) | 0.74 | ||
| Smoking vs not smoking | 1.28 (0.17 to 9.83) | 0.81 | ||
| Employed vs not employed | 0.36 (0.11 to 1.22) | 0.10 | ||
| Panel C: logistic regression analyses for thrombocytopenia, platelets (mm3) <125 vs ≥125 | ||||
| HIV status, HIV+ vs HIV− | 1.64 (0.96 to 2.80) | 0.07 | NA† | |
| HIV+, CD4 >350 vs HIV− | 1.66 (0.87 to 3.16) | 0.13 | 2.18 (1.10 to 4.32) | 0.03 |
| HIV+, CD4 200–350 vs HIV− | 1.81 (0.99 to 3.29) | 0.05 | 2.36 (1.25 to 4.45) | 0.008 |
| HIV+, CD4 <200 vs HIV− | 1.47 (0.79 to 2.75) | 0.23 | 1.95 (1.01 to 3.79) | 0.05 |
| Age (years), 30–40 vs <30 | 1.33 (0.74 to 2.37) | 0.34 | 1.29 (0.72 to 2.33) | 0.40 |
| Age (years), 40+ vs <30 | 1.61 (0.88 to 2.95) | 0.12 | 2.32 (1.20 to 4.50) | 0.01 |
| 10–35 k Rwf vs <10 k | 0.89 (0.58 to 1.38) | 0.61 | ||
| >35 k Rwf vs <10 k | 0.74 (0.38 to 1.45) | 0.38 | ||
| Some primary school | 0.66 (0.40 to 1.11) | 0.12 | ||
| Secondary or university | 0.77 (0.47 to 1.26) | 0.29 | ||
| BMI (per kg/m2) per unit | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.01) | 0.12 | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.00) | 0.06 |
| Alcohol 1–4 drinks/week | 0.17 (0.02 to 1.22) | 0.08 | ||
| Alcohol >4 drinks/week | 0.87 (0.49 to 1.53) | 0.62 | ||
| WHO stage 4 illness vs No | 0.78 (0.50 to 1.22) | 0.28 | ||
| Co-trimoxazole or dapsone use | 1.10 (0.69 to 1.74) | 0.69 | ||
| Widowed vs married/partner | 0.63 (0.40 to 0.98) | 0.04 | 0.49 (0.29 to 0.80) | 0.005 |
| Other vs married/partner | 0.62 (0.34 to 1.10) | 0.10 | 0.59 (0.32 to 1.07) | 0.08 |
| Smoking vs not smoking | 0.71 (0.16 to 3.09) | 0.65 | ||
| Employed vs not employed | 1.15 (0.71 to 1.86) | 0.57 | ||
*By Stepwise selection with overall p=0.05 to enter and p=0.10 to remain for the entire variable. Only the variables selected into the final model are included.
†HIV+ status was fit into the multivariate model by CD4 category with HIV− as baseline.
BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cells.