Table 2

Prevalence rates of ADHD medication use (ATC N06BA) by gender. German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents 2003–2006 (KiGGS)

	Total			Boys		Girls
	N**	%*	95% CI	%*	95% CI	%*	95% CI
	158	0.9	(0.7 to 1.1)	1.5	(1.2 to 1.8)	0.3	(0.2 to 0.5)
Age (years)
0–5	0
6–10	70	1.3	(1.2 to 2.1)	2.3	(1.7 to 3.1)	0.3	(0.1 to 0.7)
11–13	54	1.7	(1.3 to 2.3)	2.7	(2.0 to 3.7)	0.7	(0.3 to 1.4)
14–17	34	0.9	(0.6 to 1.3)	1.4	(0.9 to 2.1)	0.4	(0.1 to 0.9)
Region
East	54	0.8	(0.5 to 1.2)	1.3	(0.8 to 2.0)	0.2	(0.1 to 0.5)
West	104	0.9	(0.7 to 1.1)	1.5	(1.2 to 1.8)	0.3	(0.2 to 0.5)
Urbanicity
Rural	30	0.7	(0.4 to 1.1)	1.2	(0.7 to 2.0)	0.1	(0.0 to 0.2)
Small-size urban	41	0.9	(0.6 to 1.3)	1.6	(1.1 to 2.4)	0.1	(0.0 to 0.4)
Medium-size urban	50	0.9	(0.7 to 1.3)	1.4	(1.0 to 1.9)	0.5	(0.2 to 1.0)
Metropolitan	37	1,0	(0.7 to 1.4)	1.6	(1.1 to 2.2)	0.4	(0.2 to 0.9)
Migrant background
Yes	7	0.4	(0.2 to 0.8)	0.3	(0.1 to 0.8)	0.4	(0.1 to 0.4)
No	151	1.0	(0.8 to 1.2)	1.7	(1.4 to 2.1)	0.3	(0.1 to 0.4)
SES
Low	42	0.9	(0.6 to 1.2)	1.3	(0.9 to 1.8)	0.5	(0.2 to 1.0)
Middle	81	1.0	(0.8 to 1.3)	1.8	(1.4 to 2.4)	0.2	(0.1 to 0.5)
High	33	0.7	(0.5 to 1.1)	1.2	(0.8 to 1.8)	0.2	(0.1 to 0.6)
Parent-rated subjective health status
Excellent	29	0.5	(0.3 to 0.7)	0.9	(0.6 to 1.4)	0.1	(0.0 to 0.3)
Good	119	1.2	(1.0 to 1.5)	1.9	(1.5 to 2.4)	0.5	(0.3 to 0.8)
Moderate/Bad/Very Bad†	9	0.8	(0.4 to 1.7)	1.4	(0.6 to 2.9)	0.2	(0.0 to 1.3)
Tobacco smoking by the mother during pregnancy
Regular	16	1.7	(0.9 to 3.0)	2.4	(1.2 to 4.6)	1.0	(0.4 to 2.7)
From time to time	15	0.8	(0.4 to 1.4)	1.3	(0.7 to 2.4)	0.2	(0.1 to 0.9)
Never	123	0.9	(0.7 to 1.1)	1.5	(1.2 to 1.8)	0.3	(0.1 to 0.5)
Alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy
Regular	2	7.7	(1.9 to 26.5)	14.2	(3.2 to 45.0)
From time to time	19	0.7	(0.4 to 1.3)	1.0	(0.5 to 1.8)	0.5	(0.2 to 1.4)
Never	134	0.9	(0.8 to 1.9)	1.6	(1.3 to 1.9)	0.3	(0.1 to 0.5)
Last visit to a doctor
<4 weeks	56	0.9	(0.7 to 1.3)	1.6	(1.1 to 2.3)	0.3	(0.1 to 0.6)
1-<3 months	62	1.3	(1.0 to 1.7)	2.2	(1.6 to 2.9)	0.3	(0.1 to 0.8)
3–12 months	32	0.6	(0.4 to 0.9)	0.9	(0.5 to 1.4)	0.3	(0.2 to 0.7)
12+months	6	0.5	(0.2 to 1.1)	0.8	(0.3 to 1.9)	0.1	(0.0 to 0.6)
ADHD diagnosis (physician or psychologist)
Yes	142	0.8	(0.6 to 0.9)	1.3	(1.1 to 1.6)	0.2	(0.1 to 0.4)
No	3	0.0	(0.0 to 0.1)	0.1	(0.0 to 0.2)
Number of medicines (N06BA)
1	146	0.8	(0.7 to 1.0)	1.3	(1.1 to 1.6)	0.3	(0.2 to 0.4)
2+	12	0.1	(0.0 to 0.1)	0.1	(0.1 to 0.2)	0.0	(0.0 to 0.1)

*%, weighted; N**, unweighted. The sum of each category may not be the total number because of data missing.
†The categories ‘Moderate’, ‘Bad’ and ‘Very Bad’ were collapsed due to low cell frequencies.
ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; ATC, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical; SES, socioeconomic status.