Unadjusted and adjusted HRs (H(t)) of perinatal healthcare service characteristics for early neonatal (days 1–7 after birth) mortality, IDHS 2002/2003 and 2007
| Unadjusted | Adjusted (model 1)*† | Adjusted (model 2)*‡ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | H(t) | (95% CI) | p Value | H(t) | (95% CI) | p Value | H(t) | (95% CI) | p Value |
| Use of antenatal services | |||||||||
| No | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Yes | 0.55 | (0.27 to 1.13) | 0.10 | ||||||
| Mode of delivery | |||||||||
| Non-caesarean section | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Caesarean section | 1.75 | (0.76 to 4.05) | 0.19 | ||||||
| Delivery attendants | |||||||||
| Untrained delivery attendants | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Trained delivery attendants | 1.12 | (0.68 to 1.86) | 0.66 | 1.51 | (0.77 to 2.94) | 0.23 | 1.46 | (0.75 to 2.83) | 0.27 |
| Place of delivery | |||||||||
| Non-health facility | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Health facility | 1.03 | (0.64 to 1.65) | 0.91 | ||||||
| Use of iron/folic acid (IFA) supplements | |||||||||
| Never/do not know | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Any IFA | 0.48 | (0.30 to 0.79) | <0.01 | 0.51 | (0.31 to 0.82) | 0.01 | 0.49 | (0.30 to 0.79) | <0.01 |
| Days 1–7 PNC by any care providers | |||||||||
| No PNC or day 8+ PNC | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Days 1–7 PNC by any provider | 0.79 | (0.44 to 1.43) | 0.44 | 1.00 | (0.55 to 1.83) | 1.00 | |||
| Day 1 PNC by any care providers | |||||||||
| No PNC or 8+ PNC | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Day 1 PNC by any provider | 0.96 | (0.52 to 1.76) | 0.90 | 1.27 | (0.69 to 2.32) | 0.44 | |||
| Days 2–7 PNC by any provider | 0.76 | (0.37 to 1.56) | 0.45 | 0.91 | (0.44 to 1.90) | 0.80 | |||
All results are weighted for sampling probability. *Data on 3307 cases were missing and they were excluded from the analysis.
†Model 1 examined the effects of days 1–7 PNC by any care providers and adjusted for duration of recall period at interview, year of survey, type of residence, household wealth index, maternal age at childbirth, presence of complication at delivery, sex of the child and child size at birth based on mother's subjective assessment.
‡Model 2 examined the effects of day 1 PNC by any care providers and adjusted for duration of recall period at interview, year of survey, type of residence, household wealth index, maternal age at childbirth, presence of complication at delivery, sex of the child and child size at birth based on mother's subjective assessment.
IDHS, Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey; PNC, postnatal care.