Table 2

Exercise intensity, ear temperature change, cardiovascular responses, hydration status and climatic conditions during outdoor exercise in physical education class of the primary schoolboys during the first and second semesters

Parameters	Semester 1 (n=175)	Semester 2 (n=282)	Throughout the academic year (n=457)	Total range (min–max)
Exercise intensity
Skill practice (METs)	<3	<3	<3	<3
Playing sports (METs)	2.6–8.8	2.6–8.8	2.6–8.8	2.6–8.8
Ear temperature
Pre-exercise (°C)	36.52±0.33	36.46±0.39	36.48±0.37	34.70–37.80
Post-exercise (°C)	37.17±0.39^*	37.13±0.44^*	37.14±0.42	36.10–38.70
Mean difference (°C)	0.65±0.42	0.67±0.40	0.66±0.41	0–3
Number of students whose BT ≥38°C	n=7	n=13	n=20
Cardiovascular responses
Systolic blood pressure
Pre-exercise (mm Hg)	103.67±14.37	106.88±15.14	105.65±14.92	56–159
Post-exercise (mm Hg)	122.05±13.35	122.86±13.55	122.55±13.47	80–168
% Change	19.67±19.61^*	16.43±15.70^*	17.67±17.35	0–98.61
Diastolic blood pressure
Pre-exercise (mm Hg)	63.08±9.69	63.67±11.60	63.45±10.91	30–109
Post-exercise (mm Hg)	77.19±13.84	77.12±13.08	77.15±13.36	41–130
% Change	24.39±27.80^*	23.17±21.64^*	23.64±24.16	12.12–210
Mean arterial pressure
Pre-exercise (mm Hg)	76.61±9.49	78.08±10.99	77.51±10.46	43.33–119.33
Post-exercise (mm Hg)	92.14±11.26	92.36±11.67	92.28±11.50	54–141
% Change	21.34±16.17^*	19.43±14.78^*	20.16±15.34	0–99.34
Heart rate
Pre-exercise (beats/min)	91.30±13.40	90.08±15.03	90.55±14.42	45–136
Post-exercise (beats/min)	111.04±14.16	110.19±15.27	110.52±14.84	70–153
% Change	23.12±17.14^*	24.45±21.27^*	23.94±19.78	4.17–138.78
Hydration status
Sweat rate (ml/h)	451.42±224.76	353.77±147.14^†	391.16±186.75	0–1480.31
Urine output (ml)	0	0	0	0
% Loss of body weight	0.52±0.23	0.70±0.25^†	0.63±0.26	0–2.10
Number of students who consumed water	n=17	n=1	n=18
Climatic condition
WBGT (°C)	29.95±1.87	28.32±2.39^†	28.87±2.35	23.68–33.85
Air temperature (°C)	34.14±2.59	33.27±2.49	33.56±2.55	28.20–39.77
Relative humidity (%)	58.74±7.70	51.79±7.32^†	54.15±8.12	36.04–73.87

Values are presented as mean ± SD.
↵* p<0.05 between pre-exercise and post-exercise.
↵† p<0.05 between first and second semesters.
METs, metabolic equivalent of tasks.