Physiological and psychological characteristics
| Patients with COPD | Controls | p Value | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.8±3.9 | 22.6±2.6 | 0.081 |
| ADL | 20.1±6.5 | 14.6±1.5 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate | 92.4±16.2 | 70.9±8.9 | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||
| Systolic pressure | 136.1±19.1 | 136.5±18.0 | 0.940 |
| Diastolic pressure | 81.8±10.7 | 77.5±14.5 | 0.307 |
| Haematological measurements | |||
| Sao2, % | 94.0±4.2 | 97.0±1.3 | 0.003 |
| Po2 (mm Hg) | 79.9±23.3 | 98.5±11.3 | 0.006 |
| Pco2 (mm Hg) | 48.1±6.0 | 39.8±3.0 | <0.001 |
| pH | 7.37±0.1 | 7.4±0.01 | 0.731 |
| Pulmonary function testing | |||
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 23.5±6.0 | 16.9±5.5 | 0.003 |
| FVC (% predicted) | 66.6±17.2 | 96.1±14.7 | <0.001 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 43.4±16.4 | 97.5±16.9 | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 50.3±10.7 | 80.0±8.3 | <0.001 |
| Cognitive tests | |||
| MMSE | 23.3±3.4 | 25.8±2.1 | 0.021 |
| Digit span | |||
| Forward task | 7.0±1.6 | 7.7±1.4 | 0.125 |
| Backward task | 4.1±1.9 | 4.3±1.5 | 0.612 |
| Visual reproduction | 8.2±3.4 | 10.3±3.0 | 0.031 |
| Figure memory | 10.5±3.0 | 12.4±1.9 | 0.010 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD.
ADL, activities of daily living; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expired volume in one second; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.