Dimension-level multivariable analyses for not working 3 months after injury
| Dimension model variable | Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | p Value |
| Model 1: pre-injury socio-demographic factors (n=2368) | ||
| Age, years | ||
| 18–24 | Ref | 0.05 |
| 25–34 | 0.72 (0.49 to 1.05) | |
| 35–44 | 1.12 (0.77 to 1.63) | |
| 45–54 | 1.07 (0.73 to 1.57) | |
| 55–64 | 0.94 (0.62 to 1.42) | |
| Gender | ||
| Male | Ref | 0.2 |
| Female | 0.87 (0.69 to 1.11) | |
| Highest qualification | ||
| Post-secondary qualifications | Ref | 0.01 |
| Secondary qualifications | 0.98 (0.77 to 1.24) | |
| No formal qualifications | 1.44 (1.09 to 1.89) | |
| Income | ||
| ≥$50 001 | Ref | <0.001 |
| $30 001–$50 000 | 1.24 (0.95 to 1.61) | |
| ≤$30 000 | 1.81 (1.33 to 2.48) | |
| No income given | 2.24 (1.63 to 3.07) | |
| Occupation | ||
| White collar | Ref | <0.001 |
| Pink collar | 1.26 (0.94 to 1.68) | |
| Blue collar | 2.15 (1.65 to 2.81) | |
| Unclassified | 1.14 (0.59 to 2.17) | |
| Relationship status | ||
| Married/de facto/civil union | Ref | 0.1 |
| Never married | 1.17 (0.84 to 1.62) | |
| Separated/divorced | 1.34 (0.92 to 1.94) | |
| Widowed | 2.19 (0.94 to 5.12) | |
| Living arrangements | ||
| Living alone | Ref | 0.3 |
| Living with familial other | 1.31 (0.87 to 1.96) | |
| Living with non-familial other | 1.37 (0.84 to 2.22) | |
| Adequacy of household income | ||
| Sufficient | Ref | 0.1 |
| Insufficient | 1.17 (0.94 to 1.47) | |
| Material standard of living | ||
| High/fairly high | Ref | 0.4 |
| Medium | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.35) | |
| Fairly low/low | 0.82 (0.49 to 1.35) | |
| Financial security | ||
| Secure/fairly secure | Ref | <0.001 |
| Fairly insecure/insecure | 1.55 (1.22 to 1.96) | |
| Model 2: pre-injury physical work factors (n=2509) | ||
| Repetitive hand movements | ||
| Never | Ref | 0.09 |
| Occasionally/sometimes | 0.78 (0.55 to 1.13) | |
| ¼ to ½ the time | 0.77 (0.55 to 1.06) | |
| ¾ of time or greater | 1.03 (0.78 to 1.36) | |
| Heavy lifting | ||
| Never | Ref | 0.05 |
| Occasionally/sometimes | 1.29 (0.98 to 1.72) | |
| ¼ to ½ the time | 1.37 (0.99 to 1.89) | |
| ¾ of time or greater | 1.66 (1.15 to 2.38) | |
| Painful/tiring body positions | ||
| Never | Ref | 0.001 |
| Occasionally/sometimes | 1.17 (0.91 to 1.51) | |
| ¼ to ½ the time | 1.96 (1.44 to 2.65) | |
| ¾ of time or greater | 1.61 (1.16 to 2.24) | |
| Standing | ||
| Never | Ref | >0.001 |
| Occasionally/sometimes | 1.65 (1.08 to 2.54) | |
| ¼ to ½ the time | 1.32 (0.87 to 1.99) | |
| ¾ of time or greater | 2.03 (1.38 to 2.96) | |
| Physical exertion | ||
| Never | Ref | 0.6 |
| Occasionally/sometimes | 1.18 (0.88 to 1.59) | |
| ¼ to ½ the time | 1.08 (0.78 to 1.49) | |
| ¾ of time or greater | 1.19 (0.86 to 1.65) | |
| Model 3: pre-injury psychosocial factors (n=2362) | ||
| Job strain | ||
| Low strain | Ref | >0.001 |
| Active | 0.88 (0.66 to 1.17) | |
| Passive | 1.37 (1.02 to 1.83) | |
| High strain | 1.52 (1.13 to 2.02) | |
| Job support | ||
| Quartile 1—high | Ref | 0.03 |
| Quartile 2 | 0.65 (0.46 to 0.94) | |
| Quartile 3 | 0.73 (0.57 to 0.94) | |
| Quartile 4—low | 0.80 (0.61 to 1.04) | |
| Job security | ||
| Very secure | Ref | 0.03 |
| Secure | 1.27 (1.02 to 1.59) | |
| Insecure/very insecure | 1.46 (1.02 to 2.10) | |
| Job satisfaction | ||
| Completely/mostly satisfied | Ref | 0.4 |
| Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 0.85 (0.61 to 1.20) | |
| Mostly/completely dissatisfied | 0.80 (0.51 to 1.26) | |
| Self-efficacy | ||
| Good | Ref | 0.2 |
| Poor | 0.80 (0.56 to 1.14) | |
| Optimism | ||
| Yes | Ref | 0.5 |
| No | 1.09 (0.81 to 1.47) | |
| Prior depressive episode | ||
| No | Ref | 0.03 |
| Yes | 1.27 (1.02 to 1.59) | |
| Model 4: pre-injury work organisational factors (n=2518) | ||
| Hours of work | ||
| ≤30 | Ref | 0.004 |
| 31–45 | 0.84 (0.63 to 1.14) | |
| 45–65 | 0.86 (0.61 to 1.22) | |
| ≥66 | 1.32 (0.72 to 2.44) | |
| Number of days worked per week | ||
| ≤5 | Ref | >0.001 |
| 6–7 | 1.68 (1.31 to 2.15) | |
| Employment contract | ||
| Employee—permanent | Ref | >0.001 |
| Employee—temporary/casual | 2.25 (1.58 to 3.20) | |
| Employee—fixed term | 1.51 (0.98 to 2.35) | |
| Employee—other contract types | 1.50 (0.76 to 2.98) | |
| Self-employed | 1.20 (0.87 to 1.66) | |
| Employer | 0.70 (0.44 to 1.12) | |
| Multiple job holding | ||
| Yes | Ref | 0.8 |
| No | 1.04 (0.74 to 1.45) | |
| Model 5: pre-injury lifestyle factors (n=2445) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||
| Low | Ref | 0.6 |
| High | 0.95 (0.77 to 1.18) | |
| Current smoking status | ||
| No | Ref | 0.009 |
| Yes | 0.76 (0.62 to 0.93) | |
| Body mass index | ||
| ≤24 | Ref | >0.001 |
| 25–29 | 1.24 (0.99 to 1.56) | |
| ≥30 | 1.61 (1.26 to 2.05) | |
| Exercise (days per week) | ||
| 5–7 days | Ref | >0.001 |
| ≤4 days | 0.63 (0.52 to 0.76) | |
| Sleep quantity (per week) | ||
| 5–7 nights obtaining ≥7 h sleep | Ref | 0.1 |
| ≤4 nights obtaining ≥7 h sleep | 0.85 (0.68 to 1.07) | |
| Model 6: pre-injury health factors (n=2426) | ||
| Overall self-assessment for health | ||
| Excellent/very good | Ref | 0.4 |
| Good/fair/poor | 0.91 (0.73 to 1.13) | |
| Comorbidities | ||
| No comorbidities | Ref | 0.06 |
| 1 comorbidities | 0.82 (0.66 to 1.04) | |
| 2 or more comorbidities | 1.14 (0.87 to 1.48) | |
| Prior injury | ||
| No | Ref | 0.1 |
| Yes | 0.82 (0.63 to 1.06) | |
| Prior disabling condition | ||
| No | Ref | 0.7 |
| Yes | 1.04 (0.77 to 1.40) | |
| Pain or discomfort | ||
| None | Ref | 0.1 |
| Moderate | 1.00 (0.70 to 1.43) | |
| Extreme | 3.46 (0.93 to 12.78) | |
| Work capacity | ||
| High (≥7) | Ref | 0.9 |
| Low (<7) | 1.01 (0.48 to 2.11) | |
| Model 7: injury-related factors (n=2509) | ||
| Work-related injury | ||
| No | Ref | >0.001 |
| Yes | 1.46 (1.21 to 1.78) | |
| Intent of injury event | ||
| No | Ref | 0.07 |
| Yes—assaultive | 1.55 (0.96 to 2.50) | |
| Injury a threat to life | ||
| No | Ref | >0.001 |
| Yes/may be | 1.94 (1.45 to 2.58) | |
| Injury a threat of serious disability | ||
| No | Ref | 0.9 |
| Yes/may be | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.21) | |
| Hospital admission | ||
| No | Ref | >0.001 |
| Yes | 1.74 (1.42 to 2.13) | |
| Access to health services | ||
| No difficulties accessing | Ref | 0.7 |
| Difficulties accessing | 0.95 (0.70 to 1.29) | |
↵* All dimension-level models were adjusted for age, gender, hospital admission, body region injured, nature of injury and time since injury.