Values of anthropometric, body composition and metabolic variables at baseline and at 3-, 12-, 24- and 36-month follow-ups*
| Variables (reference value) | Baseline | 3 months | 12 months | 24 months | 36 months | 0–36 month change | |||||||
| n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (95% CI) | p Value | |
| z-BMI | 26 | 3.3 (0.7) | 25 | 3.1 (0.7) | 26 | 3.0 (0.8) | 24 | 2.9 (0.7) | 23 | 2.9 (0.7) | 23 | –0.4 (–0.6 to –0.2) | <0.001 |
| WHtR | 26 | 0.67 (0.06) | 25 | 0.66 (0.07) | 26 | 0.66 (0.07) | 23 | 0.66 (0.07) | 22 | 0.67 (0.08) | 22 | 0 (–0.03 to 0.01) | 0.332 |
| P-fasting glucose (mmol/l) (4.2–6.0) | 26 | 4.6 (0.4) | 25 | 4.7 (0.4) | 26 | 5.1 (0.3) | 23 | 4.9 (0.3) | 23 | 5.0 (0.3) | 23 | +0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) | <0.001 |
| S-fasting insulin (pmol/l) (18–175) | 26 | 78.5 (45.1) | 24 | 76.0 (37.6) | 25 | 77.6 (41.8) | 23 | 80.0 (37.8) | 23 | 76.7 (35.9) | 23 | −1.8 (–27.5 to 16.5) | 0.608 |
| P-LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) (1.2–4.3) | 26 | 2.7 (0.4) | 25 | 2.3 (0.4) | 23 | 2.3 (0.5) | 23 | 2.2 (0.5) | 23 | 2.3 (0.5) | 23 | –0.4 (–0.5 to –0,2) | <0.001 |
| P-HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) (1.0–2.7 girls, 0.8–2.1 boys) | 26 | 1.3 (0.2) | 25 | 1.3 (0.2) | 25 | 1.3 (0.2) | 23 | 1.5 (0.3) | 23 | 1.2 (0.2) | 23 | −0.1 (–0.1 to 0.1) | 0.433 |
| Total P-cholesterol (mmol/l) (3.1–5.2 at 2–12 years) | 26 | 4.4 (0.5) | 25 | 4.0 (0.5) | 25 | 4.1 (0.6) | 22 | 4.3 (0.6) | 23 | 4.1 (0.5) | 23 | –0.3 (–0.5 to –0.1) | 0.004 |
| P-fasting triglycerides (mmol/l) (0.30–1.40 at <10 years, 0.30–1.60 at 10–14 years) | 26 | 1.06 (0.39) | 25 | 1.11 (0.53) | 25 | 1.17 (0.74) | 22 | 1.3 (0.46) | 23 | 1.18 (0.48) | 23 | 0.12 (–0.13 to 0.31) | 0.384 |
↵* One to three children dropped out at each examination, but it was not the same children every time and some children agreed to the weight and height measurements but not the blood sampling or vice versa.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; P, plasma; S, serum; WHtR, waist:height ratio; z-BMI, standardised body mass index.