Maternal and infant characteristics, type 1 diabetes and non-diabetic reference population
| Type 1 diabetes, N=3457 | Non-diabetic population, N=764 498 | p Value* | |
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Nordic, n (%) | 3194 (92) | 643 608 (84) | <0.001 |
| Swedish origin, n (%) | 3151 (91) | 628 534 (82) | <0.001 |
| Maternal age, years (median, IQR) | 30 (27–34) | 30 (27–33) | <0.001 |
| Smoking first trimester, n (%) | 384 (11) | 72 766 (10) | 0.001 |
| Primipara, n (%) | 1559 (45) | 337 199 (44) | 0.242 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (median, IQR) | 25.1 (23.0–28.4) | 23.6 (21.6–26.4) | <0.001 |
| Overweight (BMI ≥25–29.9), n (%) | 1195 (35) | 200 600 (26) | <0.001 |
| Obese (BMI ≥30), n (%) | 618 (18) | 82331 (11) | <0.001 |
| Height, cm (median, IQR) | 167 (162–170) | 167 (162–170) | 0.250 |
| Chronic hypertension, n (%) | 92 (2.7) | 2472 (0.32) | <0.001 |
| Infant characteristics | |||
| Male, n (%) | 1758 (51) | 393 324 (51) | 0.485 |
| Gestational age, weeks (median, IQR) | 38 (37–39) | 40 (39–41) | <0.001 |
| Preterm delivery, n (%) | 741 (21) | 35 878 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| Birth weight, g (median, IQR) | 3805 (3350–4265) | 3575 (3240–3915) | <0.001 |
| Birth length, cm (median, IQR) | 51 (49–52) | 51 (49–52) | 0.576 |
| LGA, BW >90 percentile, n (%) | 1694 (49) | 81 142 (11) | <0.001 |
| AGA, BW 10–90 percentile, n (%) | 1661 (48) | 614 784 (80) | <0.001 |
| SGA, BW <10 percentile, n (%) | 109 (3.2) | 76 214 (10) | <0.001 |
↵* χ2 test, ranksum test.
AGA, appropriate for gestational age; BMI, body mass index; BW, birth weight; LGA, large for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age.