Effect of maternal weekly vitamin A supplementation on infant deaths by age and sex; intention-to-treat analyses, all live births from 1 June 2003 to 30 September 2008 (n=62 662)
| Both sexes combined | Males* | Females* | ||||
| Placebo | Vitamin A | Placebo | Vitamin A | Placebo | Vitamin A | |
| Neonatal deaths | ||||||
| Live births (n) | 31 164 | 31 498 | 15 777 | 15 854 | 15 357 | 15 623 |
| Total neonatal deaths | 984 | 941 | 589 | 524 | 382 | 408 |
| Total neonatal deaths/1000 infant-years | 31.57 | 29.87 | 37.33 | 33.05 | 24.87 | 26.12 |
| Adjusted OR† (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.04) | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.78 to 1.00) | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.91 to 1.22) |
| p Value | – | 0.26 | – | 0.05 | – | 0.49 |
| Infant deaths 1–5 months | ||||||
| Infant years of follow-up 1–5 months | 11 796 | 11 936 | 5921 | 5965 | 5839 | 5934 |
| Total 1–5 months deaths | 341 | 358 | 166 | 196 | 174 | 160 |
| Total 1–5 months deaths/1000 infant-years | 28.91 | 29.99 | 28.04 | 32.86 | 29.80 | 26.97 |
| Adjusted HR† (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.22) | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.95 to 1.45) | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.72 to 1.14) |
| p Value | – | 0.65 | – | 0.15 | – | 0.39 |
| Infant deaths 6–11 months | ||||||
| Infant years of follow-up 6–11 months | 12 004 | 12 161 | 6022 | 6065 | 5945 | 6060 |
| Total 6–11 months deaths | 321 | 323 | 170 | 182 | 151 | 141 |
| Total 6–11 months deaths/1000 infant-years | 26.74 | 26.56 | 28.23 | 30.01 | 25.40 | 23.27 |
| Adjusted HR† (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.84 to 1.18) | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.85 to 1.33) | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.16) |
| p Value | – | 0.94 | – | 0.59 | – | 0.46 |
p Value for interaction between vitamin A and sex for neonatal deaths =0.06 (Likelihood ratio statistic =3.48).
p Value for interaction between vitamin A and sex for infant deaths 1–5 months =0.10 (Wald statistic =2.75).
p Value for interaction between vitamin A and sex for infant deaths 6–11 months =0.33 (Wald statistic =0.96).
↵* Sex of baby unknown in 51 of 62 662 infants.
↵† Adjusted for clustering by ObaapaVitA cluster of residence.