Cumulative incidence, % | HR* | HR† | HR‡ | HR§ | |
Age | |||||
Youngest half (max 48 y), n=602 | 7.5 | NA | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Oldest half (>48 y), n=617 | 11.9 | 1.90 (1.31 to 2.76) | 1.72 (1.17 to 2.52) | 1.75 (1.19 to 2.58) | |
Smoking | |||||
Current, n=808 | 9.5 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Previous, n=275 | 11.7 | 1.12 (0.74 to 1.69) | 1.07 (0.71 to 1.62) | 1.03 (0.68 to 1.56) | 0.96 (0.63 to 1.47) |
Never, n=135 | 7.4 | 0.67 (0.35 to 1.30) | 0.58 (0.30 to 1.14) | 0.56 (0.29 to 1.10) | 0.51 (0.25 to 1.02) |
Alcohol, beverages/d | |||||
0, n=478 | 12.0 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
1–2, n=617 | 7.5 | 0.59 (0.40 to 0.88) | 0.58 (0.40 to 0.86) | 0.56 (0.38 to 0.83) | 0.59 (0.40 to 0.88) |
3–5, n=110 | 13.6 | 1.26 (0.72 to 2.23) | 1.15 (0.65 to 2.05) | 1.08 (0.60 to 1.91) | 1.04 (0.57 to 1.89) |
6+, n=12 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Leisure-time physical activity | |||||
Low, n=227 | 12.8 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Medium, n=859 | 8.9 | 0.66 (0.43 to 1.02) | 0.65 (0.42 to 1.0) | 0.74 (0.48 to 1.15) | 0.74 (0.47 to 1.15) |
High, n=130 | 10.0 | 0.74 (0.38 to 1.42) | 0.70 (0.36 to 1.35) | 0.86 (0.44 to 1.68) | 0.76 (0.38 to 1.53) |
BMI | |||||
−25, n=690 | 8.2 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
>25 to 28, n=381 | 10.3 | 1.25 (0.83 to 1.89) | 1.30 (0.86 to 1.96) | 0.99 (0.65 to 1.52) | 1.04 (0.68 to 1.60) |
>28, n=146 | 15.8 | 1.93 (1.19 to 3.15) | 1.79 (1.09 to 2.92) | 1.35 (0.81 to 2.26) | 1.17 (0.69 to 1.98) |
Systolic BP, mm Hg | |||||
−120, n=337 | 4.5 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
>120 to 150, n=720 | 10.4 | 2.62 (1.50 to 4.56) | 2.46 (1.41 to 4.29) | 1.90 (1.07 to 3.39) | 1.62 (0.89 to 2.95) |
>150, n=160 | 17.5 | 4.50 (2.38 to 8.49) | 4.55 (2.41 to 8.60) | 1.80 (0.81 to 4.02) | 2.34 (1.10 to 4.99) |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg | |||||
−75, n=338 | 4.5 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
>75 to 90, n=680 | 9.9 | 2.42 (1.38 to 4.24) | 2.43 (1.39 to 4.27) | 2.04 (1.15 to 3.64) | 1.94 (1.07 to 3.53) |
>90, n=199 | 18.2 | 5.03 (2.75 to 9.20) | 4.90 (2.67 to 9.0) | 2.93 (1.40 to 6.12) | 3.21 (1.56 to 6.60) |
Hypertension** | |||||
No, n=1196 | 9.5 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Yes, n=23 | 21.7 | 1.85 (0.75 to 4.56) | 2.28 (0.91 to 5.66) | 0.92 (0.36 to 2.33) | 1.20 (0.46 to 3.12) |
Physical fitness (VO2max) | |||||
15–26, n=238 | 13.9 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
27–38, n=749 | 8.7 | 0.65 (0.42 to 0.99) | 0.67 (0.44 to 1.03) | 0.81 (0.52 to 1.26) | 0.82 (0.53 to 1.27) |
39–78, n=232 | 8.7 | 0.68 (0.38 to 1.19) | 0.70 (0.39 to 1.25) | 0.98 (0.54 to 1.78) | 0.91 (0.49 to 1.66) |
Psychological pressure at work | |||||
No, n=830 | 9.6 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Yes, n=386 | 10.2 | 1.15 (0.79 to 1.70) | 1.11 (0.76 to 1.64) | 1.10 (0.74 to 1.61) | 1.02 (0.68 to 1.55) |
Psychological pressure at leisure | |||||
No, n=1107 | 9.6 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Yes, n=109 | 11.1 | 1.18 (0.65 to 2.15) | 1.09 (0.59 to 2.01) | 1.34 (0.73 to 2.45) | 1.35 (0.71 to 2.58) |
Work, h/week | |||||
<40, n=209 | 8.1 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
40–45, n=738 | 10.9 | 1.35 (0.80 to 2.29) | 1.31 (0.78 to 2.23) | 1.26 (0.74 to 2.13) | 1.11 (0.65 to 1.90) |
>45, n=272 | 7.7 | 0.95 (0.50 to 1.80) | 0.93 (0.48 to 1.77) | 0.98 (0.51 to 1.86) | 0.84 (0.43 to 1.63) |
Social class | |||||
High (I, II, III), n=946 | 8.5 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Low (IV, V), n=260 | 13.8 | 1.69 (1.14 to 2.51) | 1.61 (1.08 to 2.41) | 1.69 (1.13 to 2.53) | 1.45 (0.96 to 2.20) |
Lifestyle and other predictors of ischaemic heart disease mortality (n=118, 9.7%) during the 30-year follow-up 1970/1971 to 2001. Statistically significant results are highlighted in bold.
↵* Adjusted for age.
↵† Adjusted for age + lifestyle (smoking, leisure-time physical activity, alcohol).
↵‡ Adjusted for age + clinical factors (BMI, BP including treatment for, physical fitness).
↵§ Age + all other confounders/risk factors (lifestyle, clinical factors, psychosocial stress at work and leisure, number of work hours and social class).
↵¶ Reference category.
↵** Receives doctor's treatment due to hypertension.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; NA, not applicable.