Distribution of background factors between children followed in the two campaigns*
| 2007 | 2008 | |||||||||
| VAS | No VAS | No information | p For different distribution | VAS | No VAS | No information | p for different distribution | |||
| All | VAS vs no VAS | All | VAS vs no VAS | |||||||
| Number | 3009 | 2191 | 367 | 3520 | 1683 | 596 | ||||
| Sex (male)† | 1514 (50) | 1096 (50) | 185 (50) | 0.98 | 0.84 | 1780 (51) | 861 (51) | 297 (49) | 0.84 | 0.69 |
| Age at campaign/months, median (IQR) | 20.0 (12.5–27.1) | 19.6 (12.5–26.3) | 17.1 (12.0–25.2) | 0.001/0.001‡ | 0.08 | 19.5 (12.7–27.4) | 19.5 (12.6–27.2) | 19.1 (13.1–25.6) | 0.09/0.24‡ | 0.47 |
| Vaccine information | ||||||||||
| Seen vaccination card† | 2700 (90) | 1765 (81) | 34 (9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 3088 (88) | 1259 (75) | 15 (3) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Last vaccine at the time of the campaign | ||||||||||
| BCG/unvaccinated | 13 (0) | 11 (1) | 2 (6) | <0.001 | 0.05 | 18 (1) | 15 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.53 | 0.23 |
| OPV | 606 (22) | 352 (20) | 4 (12) | 760 (25) | 306 (24) | 5 (33) | ||||
| MV | 926 (34) | 604 (34) | 10 (29) | 923 (30) | 361 (29) | 5 (33) | ||||
| DTP | 1093 (41) | 736 (42) | 14 (41) | 1311 (42) | 540 (43) | 5 (33) | ||||
| DTP+MV | 62 (2) | 62 (4) | 4 (12) | 76 (2) | 37 (3) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Socioeconomic background | ||||||||||
| Electricity in the household | 0.22 | 0.91 | <0.001 | 0.09 | ||||||
| Yes | 854 (28) | 634 (29) | 85 (23) | 1000 (28) | 519 (31) | 125 (21) | ||||
| No | 2130 (71) | 1539 (70) | 280 (76) | 2507 (71) | 1154 (69) | 466 (78) | ||||
| No information | 25 (1) | 18 (1) | 2 (1) | 13 (0) | 10 (1) | 5 (1) | ||||
| Bathroom | 0.05 | 0.72 | 0.001 | 0.06 | ||||||
| Inside the house | 417 (14) | 322 (15) | 33 (9) | 495 (14) | 276 (16) | 54 (9) | ||||
| Outside the house | 2560 (85) | 1850 (84) | 330 (90) | 3007 (85) | 1395 (83) | 537 (90) | ||||
| None | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| No information | 31 (1) | 18 (1) | 3 (1) | 18 (1) | 11 (1) | 5 (1) | ||||
| Maternal education | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Any | 1988 (66) | 1354 (62) | 169 (46) | 2386 (68) | 1000 (59) | 301 (51) | ||||
| None | 791 (26) | 627 (29) | 156 (43) | 837 (24) | 497 (30) | 210 (35) | ||||
| No information | 230 (8) | 210 (10) | 42 (11) | 297 (8) | 186 (11) | 85 (14) | ||||
| Type of roofing | 0.79 | 0.50 | 0.11 | 0.26 | ||||||
| Straw | 122 (4) | 75 (3) | 14 (4) | 119 (3) | 48 (3) | 27 (5) | ||||
| Hard | 2862 (95) | 2098 (96) | 351 (96) | 3389 (96) | 1625 (97) | 564 (95) | ||||
| No information | 25 (1) | 18 (1) | 2 (1) | 12 (0) | 10 (1) | 5 (1) | ||||
| Ethnic group | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Pepel | 985 (33) | 634 (29) | 101 (28) | 1067 (30) | 456 (27) | 190 (32) | ||||
| Fula/Mandinga | 602 (20) | 619 (28) | 139 (38) | 759 (22) | 534 (32) | 181 (30) | ||||
| Manjaco/Mancanha | 627 (21) | 380 (17) | 41 (11) | 703 (20) | 269 (16) | 86 (14) | ||||
| Other | 795 (26) | 558 (25) | 86 (23) | 991 (28) | 424 (25) | 139 (23) | ||||
| Trial enrolments§ | ||||||||||
| Enrolled in trial A prior to campaign† | 1161 (39) | 742 (34) | 80 (22) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 1344 (38) | 543 (32) | 129 (22) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Enrolled in trial B prior to campaign† | 1329 (44) | 852 (39) | 90 (25) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1054 (30) | 397 (24) | 101 (17) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Enrolled in trial C prior to campaign† | 134 (4) | 120 (5) | 17 (5) | 0.23 | 0.09 | 105 (3) | 72 (4) | 23 (4) | 0.05 | 0.02 |
↵* Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise.
↵† Variables in two levels are presented by one level.
↵‡ No information compared with VAS/No information compared with no VAS.
↵§ Trial A: RCT among 18-month-old children: booster DTP+OPV versus OPV only; trial B: RCT among 4.5-months-old children: extra dose of MV at 4.5 months versus no vaccine +/− extra MV at 18 months of age. Trial C: RCT among 9-months-old children due to receive MV+DTP3: DTP3+MV+booster DTP at 18 months versus MV only.
DTP, diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis vaccine; MV, measles vaccine; OPV, oral polio vaccine; RCT, randomised controlled trial; VAS, vitamin A supplementation.