Characteristics of 294 households and 352 children in 29 study villages in Orissa, India*
| Characteristics | Flooded (n=13) | Non-flooded (n=16) |
| Household variables | ||
| No of households with any children 6–59 months measured | 158 | 136 |
| Total no of persons residing in household, mean (SD) | 7.2 (2.8) | 7.5 (2.9) |
| No of children younger than 5 years | ||
| 1 | 116 (73.9) | 97 (71.3) |
| ≥2 | 41 (26.1) | 39 (28.7) |
| Occupation | ||
| Not working | 14 (8.9) | 16 (11.8) |
| Non-manual | 29 (18.4) | 16 (11.8) |
| Agricultural | 50 (31.6) | 55 (40.4) |
| Manual | 65 (41.1) | 49 (36.0) |
| Religion | ||
| Hindu | 114 (72.2) | 135 (99.3) |
| Muslim | 44 (27.8) | 1 (0.7) |
| Caste | ||
| Scheduled caste | 33 (21.9) | 17 (12.1) |
| Other backward class | 38 (25.2) | 81 (57.4) |
| General class | 36 (23.8) | 42 (29.8) |
| Other | 44 (29.1) | 1 (0.7) |
| Annual income, 1000 Indian rupees | ||
| ≤3 | 18 (11.5) | 16 (11.8) |
| >3–6 | 63 (40.1) | 67 (49.3) |
| >6–9 | 24 (15.3) | 30 (22.1) |
| >9 | 52 (33.1) | 23 (16.9) |
| Source of drinking-water (at the time of the interview) | ||
| Tap in house | 1 (0.6) | 7 (5.1) |
| Tube well | 103 (65.2) | 111 (81.6) |
| Communal tap | 2 (1.3) | 8 (5.9) |
| Protected dug well | 1 (0.6) | 10 (7.4) |
| Surface water | 51 (32.3) | 0 (0) |
| Storage of cooked food | ||
| Open container | 15 (9.5) | 14 (10.4) |
| Closed container | 140 (88.6) | 119 (88.1) |
| Refrigerator | 3 (1.9) | 2 (1.5) |
| Child variables | ||
| No of children 6–59 months measured | 191 | 161 |
| Height-for-age, no (%) | ||
| Stunting, Z score <−2 | 74 (38.7) | 37 (23.0) |
| Severe stunting, Z score <−3 | 29 (15.2) | 14 (8.7) |
| Weight-for-age†, no (%) | ||
| Underweight, Z score <−2 | 40 (20.9) | 21 (13.1) |
| Severe underweight, Z-score <−3 | 11 (5.8) | 7 (4.4) |
| Weight-for-height,‡ no (%) | ||
| Wasting, Z score <−2 | 23 (12.2) | 19 (11.9) |
| Severe wasting, Z score <−3 | 8 (4.3) | 8 (5.0) |
| Birth weight, kg | ||
| <2.7 | 87 (45.5) | 86 (53.4) |
| ≥2.7 | 104 (54.5) | 75 (46.6) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 81 (42.4) | 76 (47.2) |
| Male | 110 (57.6) | 85 (52.8) |
| Age, months§ | 30.0 (1.0) | 32.1 (1.1) |
| Immunisation coverage¶ | ||
| Total | 22 (11.5) | 42 (26.1) |
| Partial | 169 (88.5) | 119 (73.9) |
↵* Information for income, household size and number of children younger than 5 years could not be determined in one household of a flooded village. The caste of one household in a flooded village and one household in a non-flooded village could not be determined. The type of storage of cooked food in one household of a non-flooded village could not be obtained. Description of variables is the absolute number of household or children associated with each characteristic (percentage of the total) except where otherwise indicated.
↵† One observation with missing data was excluded from the analyses in the non-flooded cohort.
↵‡ Four observations with missing data were excluded from the analyses in the flooded cohort and one in the non-flooded cohort.
↵§ Child age is reported as mean (SE).
↵¶ Total immunisation includes children vaccinated, confirmed with vaccination card, against polio (OPV, three doses), tuberculosis (BCG, 1 dose), measles (MCV, 1 dose), hepatitis B (HEPB, three doses), diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DPT, three doses).