Table 3

Caesarean care received by women, across hospitals and hospital types (n=5134)

	Range across hospitals	Regional hospital	Urban district hospital	Rural district hospital	Total
N women	54–619	2693	1659	782	5134
Cadre of provider deciding to perform caesarean
Obstetrician	0–100	69.6	75.5	0.4	60.9
Generalist doctor with emergency surgical training	0–96	5.0	23.5	52.7	18.2
Generalist doctor	0–68	9.0	0.4	26.0	8.7
Midwife	0–100	16.1	0.4	7.5	9.7
Non-physician provider with surgical skills*	0–94	0.3	0.1	13.0	2.3
Missing	0–2	0.1	–	0.4	0.1
Cadre of provider who performed caesarean
Obstetrician	0–100	28.3	68.9	0.1	37.1
Generalist doctor	0–88	13.0	11.8	44.6	17.4
Non-physician provider with obstetrics skills†	0–65	8.0	0.2	0.6	4.4
Non-physician provider with surgical skills*	0–94	48.3	18.9	54.2	39.7
Missing	0–8	2.4	0.2	0.4	1.4
Decision-to-incision interval
<60 min	3–84	64.1	61.2	31.6	60.3
≥60 min	1–54	18.7	11.4	17.0	16.1
Missing	3–97	13.2	27.4	51.4	23.6
Type of anaesthesia
Spinal	30–100	83.8	91	94.5	87.7
General/other	0–70	16.0	7.7	4.2	11.5
Missing	0–4	0.3	1.3	1.3	0.8
Type of skin incision
Joel-Cohen	9–100	79.6	83.1	77.5	80.4
Pfannenstiel	0–84	16.8	12.1	9.7	14.2
Midline/other	0–11	2.8	1.1	0.9	1.9
Missing	0–39	0.8	3.7	11.9	3.4
Type of uterine incision
Lower segment	45–100	94.7	98.3	94.8	95.9
Other	0–55	5.2	0.6	1.3	3.1
Missing	0–12	0.1	1.1	4.0	1.0
Antibiotic administration
Antibiotics before incision	0–87	32.5	26.6	15.0	27.9
Antibiotics after incision	0–94	49.1	39.0	45.7	45.3
Antibiotics, timing unclear	2–95	12.6	32.9	35.2	22.6
No recorded antibiotics	0–10	2.0	0.5	0.4	1.3
Missing	0–22	3.9	0.9	3.8	2.9

*Nurses or midwives with additional 3-year training in surgery;
†Midwives with additional 3-year training in obstetrics and gynaecology, including performing caesareans.