The characteristics of the two groups of participants were compared (depressive symptoms vs no depressive symptoms)
| Variables | Depressive symptoms (n=75) | No depressive symptoms (n=738) | Total (n=813) | χ2 value | P value |
| Marital status | 0.21 | 0.65 | |||
| Stable | 66 (88.0) | 662 (89.7) | 728 (89.5) | ||
| Unstable | 9 (12.0) | 76 (10.3) | 85 (10.5) | ||
| Occupation | 0.04 | 0.84 | |||
| Employed | 56 (74.7) | 543 (73.6) | 599 (73.7) | ||
| Unemployed | 19 (25.3) | 195 (26.4) | 214 (26.3) | ||
| Education | 0.39 | 0.53 | |||
| Senior school and below | 34 (45.3) | 307 (41.6) | 341 (41.9) | ||
| College/university degree and above | 41 (54.7) | 431 (58.4) | 472 (58.1) | ||
| Family functions | 23.77 | 0.00 | |||
| Severe family dysfunction (0–3) | 17 (22.7) | 49 (6.6) | 66 (8.1) | ||
| Moderate family dysfunction (4–6) | 22 (29.3) | 234 (31.7) | 256 (31.5) | ||
| Better family functions (7–10) | 36 (48.0) | 455 (61.7) | 491 (60.4) | ||
| Self-efficacy | 21.65 | 0.00 | |||
| Low level (1–2) | 33 (44.0) | 151 (20.5) | 184 (22.6) | ||
| Middle level (2.1–3) | 34 (45.3) | 461 (62.5) | 495 (60.9) | ||
| High level (3.1–4) | 8 (10.7) | 126 (17.1) | 134 (16.5) |
Data are presented as n (%).