Table 4

Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for the CARM model at various cut-offs in the development dataset and validation dataset

DatasetRisk value cut-offNo. of patients >cut-off% Sensitivity (95% CI)% Specificity (95% CI)% PPV (95% CI)% NPV (95% CI)LR+ (95% CI)LR− (95% CI)
Development dataset0.0119 87698.5 (97.9 to 99)38 (37.4 to 38.5)8.8 (8.4 to 9.2)99.8 (99.7 to 99.8)1.6 (1.6 to 1.6)0 (0 to 0.1)
0.0215 29795.7 (94.6 to 96.6)53.4 (52.9 to 54)11 (10.6 to 11.6)99.5 (99.4 to 99.6)2.1 (2 to 2.1)0.1 (0.1 to 0.1)
0.0410 38287.3 (85.6 to 88.8)69.8 (69.2 to 70.3)14.8 (14.2 to 15.5)98.9 (98.8 to 99)2.9 (2.8 to 3)0.2 (0.2 to 0.2)
0.08607072.2 (70 to 74.3)83.6 (83.2 to 84)21 (20 to 22.1)98 (97.8 to 98.2)4.4 (4.2 to 4.6)0.3 (0.3 to 0.4)
0.20219042 (39.6 to 44.3)95 (94.8 to 95.3)33.8 (31.9 to 35.9)96.4 (96.2 to 96.7)8.5 (7.9 to 9.1)0.6 (0.6 to 0.6)
Validation dataset0.0118 33898.4 (97.7 to 99)32.1 (31.5 to 32.7)9.1 (8.7 to 9.6)99.7 (99.5 to 99.8)1.4 (1.4 to 1.5)0 (0 to 0.1)
0.0214 53795.9 (94.9 to 96.8)47.4 (46.8 to 48.1)11.2 (10.7 to 11.8)99.4 (99.3 to 99.5)1.8 (1.8 to 1.9)0.1 (0.1 to 0.1)
0.0410 04789 (87.4 to 90.4)65.2 (64.6 to 65.8)15.1 (14.4 to 15.8)98.8 (98.7 to 99)2.6 (2.5 to 2.6)0.2 (0.1 to 0.2)
0.08587173.2 (71 to 75.3)81.2 (80.7 to 81.6)21.2 (20.2 to 22.3)97.8 (97.5 to 98)3.9 (3.7 to 4)0.3 (0.3 to 0.4)
0.20215843.1 (40.7 to 45.5)94.2 (93.9 to 94.5)34 (32 to 36.1)96 (95.7 to 96.2)7.4 (6.9 to 8)0.6 (0.6 to 0.6)
  • CARM, computer-aided risk of mortality; LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR−, negative likelihood ratio; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.