OutcomeMilitary symbolsIdentification with military unit
NoYestNoYest
PCL-M (n=349)51.51 (16.05)55.54 (14.07)1.5352.59 (15.73)42.52 (15.33) 2.847**
PHQ-9 (n=282)13.03 (6.26)13.72 (5.41)−0.57213.3 (6.10)9.75 (6.57) 2.255*
GAD-7 (n=75)10.23 (5.87)18.25 (2.22) −6.128** 10.93 (6.01)6.80 (5.07)1.497
  • *P<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.1.

  • GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale; PCL-M, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.