Crude and adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) of pneumonia hospitalisation in association with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) vaccination in univariate and multivariate analysis (all covariates included)
| Crude IRR | Adjusted IRR | |||||
| IRR | 95% CI | P values | aIRR | 95% CI | P values | |
| PPSV23 (Without, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| With | 0.625 | 0.457 to 0.854 | 0.003* | 0.695 | 0.501 to 0.965 | 0.030* |
| Age (75–80, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 80–85 | 1.148 | 0.837 to 1.577 | 0.392 | 1.105 | 0.794 to 1.538 | 0.554 |
| 85+ | 1.056 | 0.741 to 1.505 | 0.763 | 1.085 | 0.749 to 1.572 | 0.666 |
| Gender (Female, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Male | 1.590 | 1.180 to 2.142 | 0.002* | 1.389 | 0.996 to 1.937 | 0.053 |
| Influenza vaccination (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.060 | 0.735 to 1.529 | 0.755 | 1.030 | 0.700 to 1.515 | 0.883 |
| Cancer treatment modalities | ||||||
| Chemotherapy (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 2.481 | 1.741 to 3.536 | <0.001* | 1.433 | 0.929 to 2.210 | 0.104 |
| Radiotherapy (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.961 | 1.440 to 2.669 | <0.001* | 1.771 | 1.280 to 2.450 | <0.001* |
| Surgery (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.908 | 0.689 to 1.196 | 0.491 | 0.872 | 0.654 to 1.162 | 0.350 |
| Targeted therapy (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 4.345 | 2.611 to 7.231 | <0.001* | 2.943 | 1.584 to 5.468 | <0.001* |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Coronary heart disease (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.617 | 1.198 to 2.182 | 0.002* | 1.122 | 0.817 to 1.542 | 0.477 |
| Congestive heart failure (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 3.088 | 2.356 to 4.045 | <0.001* | 2.013 | 1.494 to 2.713 | <0.001* |
| Asthma (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 2.838 | 2.170 to 3.710 | <0.001* | 1.592 | 1.178 to 2.150 | 0.003* |
| Interstitial lung disease (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.342 | 0.333 to 5.401 | 0.679 | 0.661 | 0.161 to 2.716 | 0.566 |
| COPD (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 3.936 | 2.801 to 5.532 | <0.001* | 2.090 | 1.420 to 3.074 | <0.001* |
| Liver cirrhosis (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.396 | 0.906 to 2.152 | 0.131 | 1.245 | 0.799 to 1.942 | 0.333 |
| Diabetes mellitus (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.581 | 1.209 to 2.066 | <0.001* | 1.038 | 0.783 to 1.377 | 0.795 |
| Chronic kidney disease (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.643 | 1.179 to 2.289 | 0.003* | 1.230 | 0.868 to 1.744 | 0.245 |
| Stroke (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.892 | 1.437 to 2.491 | <0.001* | 1.077 | 0.802 to 1.447 | 0.621 |
| Dementia (No, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 2.363 | 1.706 to 3.275 | <0.001* | 1.962 | 1.397 to 2.756 | <0.001* |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
| Urbanisation (Urban, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Suburban | 0.967 | 0.691 to 1.353 | 0.844 | 0.890 | 0.624 to1.268 | 0.517 |
| Rural | 1.154 | 0.822 to 1.620 | 0.409 | 0.890 | 0.579 to 1.368 | 0.596 |
| Region (Northern, ref) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Central | 1.187 | 0.848 to 1.663 | 0.317 | 1.229 | 0.833 to 1.815 | 0.299 |
| Southern | 0.856 | 0.614 to 1.193 | 0.360 | 0.974 | 0.673 to 1.409 | 0.888 |
| Eastern | 0.700 | 0.258 to 1.899 | 0.484 | 0.490 | 0.175 to 1.369 | 0.174 |
| Insurance premium (NTD)† | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 18 000–<30 000 | 2.667 | 0.370 to 19.221 | 0.330 | 2.881 | 0.389 to 21.347 | 0.300 |
| 1–<18 000 | 2.703 | 0.376 to 19.457 | 0.323 | 2.340 | 0.318 to 17.241 | 0.404 |
| 0‡ | 2.009 | 0.279 to 14.444 | 0.488 | 2.603 | 0.354 to 19.144 | 0.347 |
*P<0.05.
†≧30 000 NTD as reference.
‡Not employed.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NTD, New Taiwan Dollars; ref, reference.