Symptom | Military-unit studies | Population-based studies | ||
No of studies in analysis | OR (95% CI) | No of studies in analysis | OR (95% CI) | |
Neurological | ||||
Dizziness | 3 | 2.96* (2.27 to 3.86) | 7 | 2.21 (1.82 to 2.68) |
Headaches | 10 | 1.72 (1.44 to 2.05) | 8 | 1.82 (1.34 to 2.47) |
Neuropsychological, psychological | ||||
Irritability | 6 | 3.56* (2.48 to 5.10) | 8 | 2.93 (1.67 to 5.14) |
Feeling depressed | 7 | 2.32 (1.86 to 2.89) | 7 | 2.22 (1.70 to 2.89) |
Sleep, fatigue | ||||
Fatigue | 8 | 3.11* (2.36 to 4.10) | 8 | 2.33† (1.53 to 3.55) |
Difficulty sleeping, falling or staying asleep | 3 | 2.08 (1.71 to 2.54) | 8 | 1.86 (1.57 to 2.19) |
Musculoskeletal | ||||
Joint stiffness | 5 | 3.00* (2.74 to 3.29) | 5 | 1.69†(1.32 to 2.17) |
Joint pain | 8 | 2.99* (2.49 to 3.60) | 8 | 1.88† (1.57 to 2.24) |
Muscle aches/pain | 8 | 2.87* (2.27 to 3.63) | 8 | 2.09† (1.59 to 2.75) |
Back pain | 5 | 1.64* (1.32 to 2.06) | 5 | 1.37 (1.15 to 1.63) |
Gastrointestinal | ||||
Diarrhoea/loose stools | 8 | 4.42* (3.27 to 5.99) | 8 | 2.49† (1.91 to 3.25) |
Constipation | 3 | 2.98* (2.44 to 3.63) | 3 | 1.79† (1.57 to 2.03) |
Abdominal pain and cramps | 5 | 2.15 (1.83 to 2.52) | 5 | 2.05 (1.66 to 2.54) |
Dermatological | ||||
Rash | 5 | 3.93* (3.18 to 4.86) | 5 | 2.21† (1.53 to 3.20) |
Hair loss | 6 | 3.84* (3.35 to 4.41) | 6 | 2.20† (1.50 to 3.24) |
Cardiac | ||||
Chest pain | 4 | 2.39 (1.86 to 3.06) | 4 | 2.06 (1.77 to 2.41) |
Pulmonary | ||||
Coughing | 5 | 2.10 (1.69 to 2.61) | 5 | 1.95 (1.54 to 2.46) |
Sinus congestion | 3 | 1.61 (1.42 to 1.82) | 3 | 1.71 (1.34 to 2.18) |
Miscellaneous | ||||
Sore throat | 5 | 2.04* (1.71 to 2.43) | 5 | 1.55† (1.29 to 1.86) |
*Greater than 10% change away from the null (OR=1.0).
†Greater than 10% change towards the null (OR=1.0).