INN (n=18) | Case report | Animal | Observational | Case-control | Cohort | Cross-sectional | RCT | Meta-analysis/ Systematic review | In vitro/in silico/ex vivo | Non-placebo controlled | Non-randomised/open label or non-blinded/non-comparative | Other | Other (epidemiological) |
Meprobamate | X | X | X | X | |||||||||
Calcitonin | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||
Tolperisone | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||
Nicotinic acid/laropiprant | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
Tetrazepam | X | X | X | ||||||||||
Almitrine | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
Cyproterone acetate/ethinylestradiol | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
Hydroxyethyl starch intravenous infusion | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Ergot derivatives | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Ketoconazole | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
Numeta G13%E | X | X | X | X | |||||||||
Metoclopramide | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
Ephedrine hydrochloride, lidocaine and arsenous anhydride | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||
Methadone containing high molecular weight povidone | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||
Domperidone | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
Codeine monohydrate | X | ||||||||||||
Codeine phosphate | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||
Fusafungine | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
N1 (%) | 17 (94.4%) | 13 (72.2%) | 8 (44.4%) | 6 (33.3%) | 10 (55.6%) | 2 (11.1%) | 13 (72.2%) | 13 (72.2%) | 13 (72.2%) | 9 (50.0%) | 12 (66.7%) | 6 (33.3%) | 4 (22.2%) |
N2 (%) cited by regulatory agency, of total actions | 16 (88.9%) | 7 (38.9%) | 4 (22.2%) | 2 (11.1%) | 3 (16.7%) | 2 (11.1%) | 12 (66.7%) | 9 (50.0%) | 5 (27.8%) | 7 (38.9%) | 7 (38.9%) | 4 (22.2%) | 1 (5.6%) |
‘X’ denotes evidence cited by regulatory agencies +/– in scientific literature; ‘X’ denotes evidence sourced solely from the published scientific literature.
INN, International Non-proprietary Name; RCT, randomised controlled trial.