Characteristics, % (n) | No mental disorder (n=252 238) | Schizophrenia (n=534) | Severe depression (n=400) | Bipolar disease (n=569) |
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Female | 46.7 (117 876) | 45.7 (244) | 61.8 (247) | 59.6 (339) |
Mean age (SD) | 73.3 (13.1) | 64.5 (13.7) | 73.7 (14.0) | 73.0 (11.2) |
Stroke risk factors and comorbidity | ||||
Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score (SD) | 3.1 (1.8) | 2.5 (1.7) | 3.6 (2.0) | 3.3 (1.8) |
Mean HAS-BLED score (SD) | 2.2 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.3) | 2.5 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.3) |
Prior stroke | 16.9 (42 585) | 14.2 (76) | 30.3 (121) | 20.2 (115) |
Heart failure | 25.7 (64 704) | 30.0 (160) | 30.3 (121) | 29.3 (167) |
Hypertension | 42.6 (107 332) | 26.6 (142) | 44.5 (178) | 36.6 (208) |
Myocardial infarction | 10.3 (26 089) | 8.2 (44) | 11.3 (45) | 9.3 (53) |
Peripheral arterial disease | 7.6 (19 266) | 6.7 (36) | 10.0 (40) | 9.0 (51) |
Diabetes | 12.9 (32 606) | 24.3 (130) | 15.8 (63) | 20.2 (115) |
Prior bleeding | 26.4 (66 694) | 28.1 (150) | 44.0 (176) | 37.6 (214) |
Renal dysfunction | 5.2 (13 003) | 10.1 (54) | 8.5 (34) | 15.8 (90) |
Prior venous thromboembolism | 4.8 (12 081) | 7.3 (39) | 10.8 (43) | 10.0 (57) |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 14.5 (36 615) | 28.7 (153) | 22.3 (89) | 30.8 (175) |
Cancer | 15.9 (40 171) | 12.9 (69) | 14.8 (59) | 17.0 (97) |
Alcohol-related disease | 4.2 (10 471) | 19.1 (102) | 11.0 (44) | 20.9 (119) |
Medication use within 365 days before index date | ||||
Coumarin | 14.4 (36 326) | 5.1 (27) | 8.8 (35) | 12.1 (69) |
NOAC | 2.5 (6347) | 3.4 (18) | 2.3 (9) | 2.3 (13) |
Aspirin | 37.6 (94 951) | 33.0 (176) | 40.5 (162) | 38.1 (217) |
Clopidogrel | 4.3 (10 936) | 5.6 (30) | 9.0 (36) | 5.6 (32) |
NSAID | 26.7 (67 468) | 25.1 (134) | 27.3 (109) | 25.0 (142) |
Digoxin | 12.4 (31 200) | 9.9 (53) | 8.8 (35) | 12.1 (69) |
Non-loop diuretics | 36.2 (91 336) | 25.1 (134) | 38.8 (155) | 34.4 (196) |
Loop diuretics | 25.5 (64 337) | 34.8 (186) | 28.8 (115) | 36.0 (205) |
Beta-blocker | 32.2 (81 335) | 22.7 (121) | 28.0 (112) | 24.3 (138) |
Calcium channel blocker | 25.5 (64 355) | 17.0 (91) | 31.0 (124) | 25.1 (143) |
Renin-angiotensin inhibitor | 35.5 (89 621) | 23.8 (127) | 37.5 (150) | 32.0 (182) |
Statins | 24.6 (62 166) | 23.2 (124) | 26.0 (104) | 27.4 (156) |
Antiepileptics | 4.0 (10 077) | 24.3 (130) | 16.0 (64) | 39.5 (225) |
Anticholinergics | 0.2 (456) | 27.2 (145) | 2.3 (9) | 5.3 (30) |
Antipsychotics, lithium and anxiolytics/hypnotics | 27.1 (68 302) | 87.1 (465) | 63.2 (253) | 83.3 (474) |
Antidepressants | 14.5 (36 516) | 34.8 (186) | 78.5 (314) | 61.0 (347) |
CHA2DS2-VASc; icongestive heart failure; hypertension; age ≥75 years; diabetes mellitus; prior stroke, transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism; vascular disease, age 65-74 years; female sex; HAS-BLED, hypertension; abnormal renal function; abnormal hepatic function; prior stroke; bleeding; labile INR (not available in this study); elderly age (aspirin, clopidogrel or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; alcohol intake; NOAC, non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.