Table 3

Distribution of high barrier scores (≥5) to leisure physical activity in adult population with type 2 diabetes across socio-demographic variables and self-reported stages of change in physical activity (n=305)

(%) Scores≥5Lack of timeLack of social supportLack of energyLack of willpowerFear of injuryLack of skillsLack of resourcesReligious barriersEnvironmental barriers
Gender
 Male
 Female
 Corrected χ2
 P value		26.6
15.4
5.4
0.020*		20.8
35.4
7.1
0.008*		21.5
16.0
1.2
0.278		41.5
48.6
1.2
0.270		24.6
26.3
0.04
0.843		13.1
28.0
8.9
0.003*		32.3
29.1
0.2
0.640		3.8
4.6
0.001
0.981		10.0
13.1
0.4
0.508
Age (years)
 ≤57
 >57
 Corrected χ2
 P value		27.7
12.7
9.7
0.002*		26.5
32.0
0.9
0.347		21.3
15.3
1.4
0.232		45.8
45.3
0.0
1.000		18.7
32.7
7.1
0.008*		16.1
27.3
5.0
0.025*		33.5
27.3
1.1
0.292		4.5
4.0
0.00
1.000		12.3
11.3
0.0
0.942
Marital status
 Unmarried
 Married
 Corrected χ2
 P value		10.8
22.9
3.9
0.047*		35.4
27.5
1.2
0.277		16.9
18.8
0.0
0.875		43.1
46.3
0.1
0.753		30.8
24.2
0.9
0.356		24.6
20.8
0.2
0.626		18.5
33.8
4.9
0.026*		7.7
3.3
1.4
0.231		13.8
11.3
0.1
0.720
Employment
 Unemployed
 Employed
 Corrected χ2
 P value		12.4
46.5
37.0
<0.001*		31.6
21.1
2.4
0.120		14.5
31.0
8.8
0.003*		47.0
40.8
0.6
0.437		29.5
12.7
7.2
0.007*		25.6
8.5
8.5
0.004*		31.6
26.8
0.4
0.527		4.7
2.8
0.1
0.740		11.5
12.7
0.0
0.960
Education
 Uneducated
 Educated
 Corrected χ2
 P value		11.4
28.8
13.2
<0.001*		33.6
25.0
2.3
0.129		13.4
23.1
4.1
0.042*		45.6
45.5
0.0
1.0		35.6
16.0
14.2
<0.001*		28.2
15.4
6.6
0.010*		29.5
31.4
0.1
0.816		6.0
2.6
1.5
0.162		10.7
12.8
0.1
0.700
Income
 <500
  ≥ 500
 Corrected χ2
 P value		16.7
22.7
1.3
0.257		26.7
30.8
0.4
0.516		21.7
16.2
1.1
0.294		54.2
40.0
5.3
0.021* 		20.8
28.6
1.9
0.163		23.3
20.5
0.2
0.663		40.0
24.3
7.7
0.005*		5.8
3.2
0.6
0.422		8.3
14.1
1.8
0.183
Self-reported stages of physical activity
 Not active
 Active
 Corrected χ2
 P value		18.4
24.5
1.2
0.276		28.5
30.6
0.1
0.808		17.9
19.4
0.0
0.873		50.7
34.7
6.2
0.012*		31.9
12.2
12.5
<0.001*		24.2
16.3
2.0
0.161		29.5
32.7
0.2
0.667		4.3
4.1
0.00
1.0		13.5
8.2
1.4
0.244

  • *Significant at P<0.050.