Table 1

Characteristics of included studies

Study	Design	Country	Setting	HIV care payer	Years	N	Pregnancy status	ART regimen
Ciambrone32	Interview	Puerto Rico	Antenatal clinic (general)	ART and other costs not reported	2003	17	12 pregnant, five postpartum	Unspecified
Ekama29	Semistructured questionnaire	Nigeria	Antenatal clinic (HIV-specific)	Government-funded ART; other costs not reported	2009	170	Pregnant	Unspecified
Ferguson37	Semistructured interview	Kenya	Antenatal clinic (general)	Government-funded ART; cost to attend clinic	2010	19	Pregnant	AZT, co-trimoxazole
Katiyari40	Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews	Swaziland	Antenatal clinic (general)	Government-funded ART; transportation costs	2011, 2012	83	Postpartum	AZT (14 weeks until delivery); lamivudine, AZT (7 days postpartum)
Katiyari7	Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews	Swaziland	Antenatal clinic (general); both private and public	Government-funded ART; other fees not reported	2013	132	38 pregnant, 94 postpartum	Tenofovir, lamivudine, and efavirenz
Kim8	Interview	Malawi	Antenatal clinic (general)	Government-funded ART; transportation costs	2014	65	Pregnant	Tenofovir, lamivudine, and efavirenz
Kohler38	Structured questionnaire	Kenya	Antenatal clinic (general)	ART and other costs not reported	2011	213	Postpartum	Unspecified
Mawar30	In-depth interview	India	Antenatal clinic (general)	ART costs covered through this study; other costs not reported	2001	31	6 pregnant, 5 admitted for delivery, 20 postpartum	AZT
McDonald34	In-depth interview	Australia	Research setting (not clinic)	ART and other costs not reported	2001	16	Postpartum	Unspecified, but AZT mentioned in quotes
Ndlovu31	In-depth interview	Zimbabwe	Research setting (not clinic)	ART and other costs not reported	2005	15	Couples desiring and/or intending to have children	Unspecified
Richter36	Focus groups	USA	Research setting (not clinic)	ART and other costs not reported	Not reported	33	Women considering pregnancy	AZT
Siegel39	Focused interviews	USA	Research setting (not clinic)	ART and other costs not reported	1996 to 1997	51	11 pregnant, 6 planning to become pregnant, 25 considering pregnancy, 9 postpartum	AZT
Sowell35	Semistructured questionnaire	USA	Research setting (not clinic)	ART and other costs not reported	1998 to 1999	322	61 considering pregnancy, 261 postpartum	AZT
Stinson33	Interview	South Africa	Antenatal clinic (general)	Government funded ART; Transportation costs	2007 to 2008	28	17 pregnant, 11 postpartum	Unspecified
Zhou9	Interview	Malawi	Antenatal clinics (general and HIV specific)	Government funded ART; Other fees not reported	2014	65	Pregnant	Tenofovir, lamivudine, and efavirenz

ART, antiretroviral therapy; AZT, zidovudine; N, number of women participants.