Domain | Test protocol | Kara et al 32 | Colak et al 28 | Rogers et al 3 6 | Mohandas et al 33 | Slater et al 34 |
Timing | Baseline and and predischarge | Baseline and 7 days | Baseline, 7 days and 3 months | Baseline, 7 days and 3 months | Baseline, predischarge and 3 months | |
Attention | Trail-Making Test parts A and B, or equivalent | X (CTT) | X | X (SCW) | ||
Verbal memory | Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (VLT) or Hopkins VLT | X | X | |||
Visuospatial | Block Design from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale | X | ||||
Psychomotor speed | Digit Symbol Test from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale | X | ||||
Executive function/verbal fluency | Controlled Oral Word Association Test | X | ||||
Motor coordination | Grooved Pegboard Test | X | X | X | ||
Other | Saccadic and antisaccadic eye movements | X | X | X | ||
Montreal Cognitive Assessment | X | |||||
Measurement of confounders | ||||||
MMSE | X | X | X | X | ||
Anxiety depression | X | X | ||||
Adult Reading Test | X | |||||
Medication | X | |||||
Delirium Rating Score | X | |||||
Presented test data | X | X | X | |||
Definition of cognitive decline | The maximum score to get from this test is 30: >25= normal, 19–25=mild cognitive impairment, <19= serious cognitive impairment | Dichotomous: decrease in an MMSE score for three or more points from baseline value AND decrease of 1 SD or more in performance on CTT 1 and GP tests | Difference in group mean (p<0.05) in >3 of 6 domains | Postoperative MMSE impairment was defined as a decrease in scores by more than 20% of the preoperative values. Postoperative ASEM impairment was defined as a decrease of scores to more than 30% of preoperative values. | Cognitive decline was defined as a decline of 1 SD or more in performance on one or more of the neuropsychological tests. | |
Reported difference in cognitive function | X | X | X | |||
Estimate of difference | Mild cognitive impairment: 7/43 NIRS, 16/36 control, p=0.01; severe cognitive impairment: 0/42 NIRS, 3/36 control, p=0.09 | 28% NIRS vs 52% control, p=0.0002 | Significant difference in COWAT: mean difference 3.73 (95% CI 1.5 to 5.96), p=0.0011 | ASEM at 3 months: mean 15.69 (SD 3.99); NIRS: mean 17.68 (SD 1.79), p<0.001 | 58% NIRS vs 61% control |
ASEM, antisaccadic eye movements; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; CTT, Colour Trail Test 1; GP, Grooved Pegboard Test; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NIRS, near-infrared spectroscopy; SCW, Stroop Colour and Word.