Biopsy specimen processing
| Specimen | Recipient fluid | Processing | Purpose |
| Biopsy #1 | RNAlater | Nucleic acid extraction | Transcriptomics |
| Biopsy #2 | HBSS | FACS | Cell isolation |
| Biopsy #3 | None | Flash frozen | Culture-independent and culture-based assays of mucosa-associated microbial community |
| Biopsy #4 | None | Flash frozen | Archiving for validation of drug targets |
| Biopsies #5 and #6* | Formalin | Paraffin embedded | Histochemistry (H&E) and immunohistochemistry; Morphometric analyses and EED scoring |
| Duodenal Aspirate | Microbiota: glycerol/cysteine solution Other: Nil | Precharged N2 dry shipper to −80 freezer | Culture-independent and culture-based assays |
*Biopsy site: biopsy #6 from duodenal bulb, all others distal to the ampulla of Vater.
EED, environmental enteric dysfunction; FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting; HBSS, Hank’s balanced salt solution.