Summary table for non-invasive biomarker candidates and related processes
| Process of gut health | Biospecimen | Non-invasive biomarkers |
| Epithelial health and repair | Faeces | Reg1B |
| Intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation | Blood and urine | Alpha-1-antitrypsin, lactulose/rhamnose ratio |
| Intestinal inflammation | Faeces | Myeloperoxidase, neopterin, calprotectin |
| Systemic inflammation | Blood | sCD14, CRP, AGP, KT ratio |
| Epigenetic metabolomes | Blood | LRP1 |
| Enteric infection | Faeces, breath sample | TaqMan Array Card, SIBO |
| Nutrient malabsorption | Blood | Ferritin, zinc, GLP-2, pepsinogen I/II ratio |
| Celiac Disease screening | Blood | IgA tissue transglutaminase, total IgA |
AGP, alpha 1-glycoprotein; CRP, C reactive protein; KT ratio, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio; LRP1, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1; GLP-2, glucagon-like peptide-2; Reg1B, regenerating family member 1 beta proteins; sCD14, soluble cluster of differentiation 14; SIBO, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.