Table 2

Outcome measurements

Measurement	Description
Health measurements
Depression questionnaire	Centre for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression scale
Anxiety questionnaire	Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Health status	Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire, COPD Assessment Test
Dyspnoea	Modified Medial Research Council dyspnoea scale
Haematology and blood chemistry analyses
Complete blood count	Red and white blood cells, platelets
Comprehensive metabolic panel	Glucose, calcium, albumin and total blood protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase and bilirubin
Lipid panel	Total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol and triglycerides
Lung function
Spirometry pre–postbronchodilator FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁/FVC, IC, reversibility
Pulmonary plethysmography RV, TLC, FRC
Diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide
Heart function
Resting echocardiography	Measurement of diastolic and systolic function
Stress echocardiography	Measurement of systolic function and potential myocardial ischemia
Chest CT	Measurement of airway characteristics
	Quantification of emphysema
Mid-tight CT	Measurements of right mid-tight area
Exercise capacity	Supervised, encouraged 6-min walk test
Cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer
Peak VO₂, VCO₂, VE	Symptom-limited incremental cycle exercise test
Iso-time and iso-work measurements	Constant work rate cycle endurance test
Physical activity
Triaxial accelerometer measurement	Step count
	Spent physical activity time per day
	Physical activity level

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IC, inspiratory capacity; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FRC, functional residual capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity; VCO₂, carbon dioxide production; VE, minute ventilation; VO₂, oxygen consumption.