Experiences of forced labour indicators and dimensions, by most recent destination (India vs others), n (%), n=140
| India (n=20) | Other destinations (n=120) | Total (n=140) | ||
| Dimension 1: unfree recruitment | Involuntariness — strong indicators | |||
| Debt-linked recruitment | 0 | 6 (5.0) | 6 (4.3) | |
| Deceived on nature of work | 1 (5.0) | 25 (20.8) | 26 (18.6) | |
| Involuntariness — medium indicators | ||||
| Deceptive recruitment | 2 (10.0) | 68 (56.7) | 70 (50.0) | |
| Penalty — strong indicators | ||||
| Denunciation to authorities | 1 (5.9) | 9 (7.5) | 10 (7.3) | |
| Document confiscation | 1 (5.0) | 68 (60.2) | 69 (51.9) | |
| Threats or actual experience of violence | 1 (5.0) | 8 (6.7) | 9 (6.4) | |
| Withhold assets | 9 (45.0) | 29 (24.2) | 38 (27.1) | |
| Threats against family | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Penalty — medium indicators | ||||
| Exclusion from community and social life* | 7 (35.0) | 43 (35.8) | 50 (35.7) | |
| Financial penalties | 6 (31.6) | 41 (34.2) | 47 (33.8) | |
| Involuntariness + penalty (at least one strong) | 2 (10.0) | 60 (50.0) | 62 (44.3) | |
| Dimension 2: work and life under duress | Involuntariness — strong indicators | |||
| Forced overtime work | 9 (56.3) | 27 (22.9) | 36 (26.9) | |
| Limited freedom (movement/communication)* | 9 (45.0) | 54 (45.0) | 63 (45.0) | |
| Degrading living conditions | 2 (10.0) | 12 (10.0) | 14 (10.0) | |
| Involuntariness — medium indicators | ||||
| Multiple dependency on employer (housing) | 9 (45.0) | 118 (98.3) | 127 (90.7) | |
| Penalty — strong indicators | ||||
| Denunciation to authorities | 1 (5.9) | 9 (7.5) | 10 (7.3) | |
| Document confiscation | 1 (5.0) | 68 (60.2) | 69 (51.9) | |
| Confiscation of mobile phone | 1 (10.0) | 3 (2.7) | 4 (3.3) | |
| Isolation* | 8 (40.0) | 54 (45.0) | 62 (44.3) | |
| Locked in work/living place | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Threats or actual experience of violence | 1 (5.0) | 8 (6.7) | 9 (6.4) | |
| Withhold assets | 9 (45.0) | 29 (24.2) | 38 (27.1) | |
| Threats against family | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Penalty — medium indicators | ||||
| Dismissal | 4 (20.0) | 10 (8.3) | 14 (10.0) | |
| Financial penalties | 6 (31.6) | 41 (34.2) | 47 (33.8) | |
| Involuntariness + penalty (at least one strong) | 11 (55.0) | 88 (73.3) | 99 (70.7) | |
| Dimension 3: impossibility of leaving employer | Involuntariness — strong indicators | |||
| No freedom to resign | 0 | 6 (5.0) | 6 (4.3) | |
| Forced to stay due to unpaid wages | 4 (20.0) | 10 (8.3) | 14 (10.0) | |
| Forced to stay to repay outstanding debts | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Involuntariness — medium indicators | ||||
| None | ||||
| Penalty — strong indicators | ||||
| Denunciation to authorities | 1 (5.9) | 9 (7.5) | 10 (7.3) | |
| Document confiscation | 1 (5.0) | 68 (60.2) | 69 (51.9) | |
| Locked in work/living place | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Threats or actual experience of violence | 1 (5.0) | 8 (6.7) | 9 (6.4) | |
| Constant surveillance | 6 (30.0) | 44 (36.7) | 50 (35.7) | |
| Withhold assets | 9 (45.0) | 29 (24.2) | 38 (27.1) | |
| Threats against family | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Penalty — medium indicators | ||||
| Dismissal | 4 (20.0) | 10 (8.3) | 14 (10.0) | |
| Financial penalties | 6 (31.6) | 41 (34.2) | 47 (33.8) | |
| Involuntariness + penalty (at least one strong) | 4 (20.0) | 15 (12.5) | 19 (13.6) | |
| Forced labour | 11 (55.0) | 91 (75.8) | 102 (72.9) |
* Similar questions were used to build these indicators, including being locked in the workplace or home; not being allowed to communicate with anyone they want or to go out during non-working hours; and having their mobile phone or contact details confiscated. Where these were represented more than once in a given dimension, they were only included as one indicator requiring a second indicator to fulfil a positive outcome for that dimension.