Basic sample features at baseline wave
| Men | Women | Difference (men – women) | |||
| M | (SD) | M | (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 40.9 | (10.3) | 39.7 | (9.8) | 1.3* |
| Household size-adjusted income (million yen) | 3.8 | (2.4) | 3.2 | (2.7) | 0.6* |
| Hours worked per week | 44.6 | (10.2) | 34.4 | (13.2) | 10.2* |
| Proportion (%) | |||||
| Educational attainment | |||||
| Junior high school | 42.0 | 49.3 | −7.3* | ||
| Junior college | 12.3 | 26.6 | −14.3* | ||
| College | 32.7 | 20.5 | 12.2* | ||
| Graduate school | 13.1 | 3.7 | 9.4* | ||
| Job classification | |||||
| Managerial workers | 22.3 | 2.6 | 19.7* | ||
| Researchers and professionals | 12.3 | 13.1 | −0.7 | ||
| Engineers and technicians | 13.2 | 2.4 | 10.8* | ||
| Clerical workers | 8.3 | 33.4 | −25.1* | ||
| Service workers | 3.8 | 2.4 | 1.3** | ||
| Manufacturing workers (technical) | 9.0 | 2.4 | 6.6* | ||
| Manufacturing workers (operational) | 13.5 | 5.4 | 8.1* | ||
| Manufacturing workers (manual) | 6.3 | 17.0 | −10.7* | ||
| Other | 11.3 | 21.3 | −10.0* | ||
| Having one or more family member | 20.3 | 20.6 | −0.3 | ||
| N | 5859 | 1560 | |||
*p<0.001,**p<0.05 (two-tailed).