Variable | Acute Myocardial Infarction | Heart Failure | Pneumonia | |||||||||||||||
All patients | Insurance Status | p | All patients | Insurance Status | p | All patients | Insurance Status | p | ||||||||||
UEBMI | URBMI | NCMS | Self-payment | UEBMI | URBMI | NCMS | Self-payment | UEBMI | URBMI | NCMS | Self-payment | |||||||
Patient characteristics | ||||||||||||||||||
No. of Patients (%) | 22392 (100.0) | 8664 (38.7) | 1494 (6.7) | 9656 (43.1) | 2578 (11.5) | 8056 (100.0) | 3239 (40.2) | 721 (9.0) | 3395 (42.1) | 701 (8.7) | 17161 (100.0) | 8540 (49.8) | 1273 (7.4) | 5459 (31.8) | 1889 (11.0) | |||
Age — year | 61.3± 12.6 | 63.0± 12.8 | 63.7± 13.3 | 59.6± 11.8 | 60± 13.2 | <0.001 | 67.5± 13.1 | 69.9± 12.2 | 69.3± 13.5 | 65.0± 12.9 | 66.6± 15.3 | <0.001 | 64.3± 16.7 | 66.8± 15.5 | 65.1± 19.2 | 61.0± 16.1 | 62.0± 19.4 | <0.001 |
Female (%) | 5614 (25.1) | 1439 (16.6) | 709 (47.5) | 2821 (29.2) | 645 (25.0) | <0.001 | 3794 (47.1) | 1038 (32.0) | 514 (71.3) | 1888 (55.6) | 354 (50.5) | <0.001 | 6811 (39.7) | 2648 (31.0) | 824 (64.7) | 2511 (46.0) | 828 (43.8) | <0.001 |
Admission source (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||||||||
Outpatient medical services | 11207 (50.0) | 4151 (47.9) | 655 (43.8) | 5123 (53.1) | 1278 (49.6) | 6221 (77.2) | 2507 (77.4) | 530 (73.5) | 2709 (79.8) | 475 (67.8) | 118318 (68.9) | 5854 (68.5) | 844 (66.3) | 3999 (73.3) | 1134 (60.0) | |||
Emergency medical services | 10664 (47.6) | 4277 (49.4) | 811 (54.3) | 4331 (44.9) | 1245 (48.3) | 1695 (21.0) | 659 (20.3) | 185 (25.7) | 635 (18.7) | 216 (30.8) | 3849 (22.4) | 1966 (23.0) | 338 (26.6) | 1050 (19.2) | 495 (26.2) | |||
Referral | 245 (1.1) | 84 (1.0) | 11 (0.7) | 123 (1.3) | 27 (1.0) | 15 (0.2) | 5 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 7 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 1119 (6.5) | 502 (5.9) | 72 (5.7) | 338 (6.2) | 207 (11.0) | |||
Others | 276 (1.2) | 152 (1.8) | 17 (1.1) | 79 (0.8) | 28 (1.1) | 125 (1.6) | 68 (2.1) | 5 (0.7) | 44 (1.3) | 8 (1.1) | 362 (2.1) | 218 (2.6) | 19 (1.5) | 72 (1.3) | 53 (2.8) | |||
Admission condition (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||||||||
Regular | 11337 (50.6) | 4279 (49.4) | 747 (50.0) | 4971 (51.5) | 1340 (52) | 6124 (76.0) | 2490 (76.9) | 549 (76.1) | 2556 (75.3) | 529 (75.5) | 13658 (79.6) | 6785 (79.5) | 1012 (79.5) | 4388 (80.4) | 1473 (78.0) | |||
Emergency | 6682 (29.8) | 2492 (28.8) | 421 (28.2) | 3266 (33.8) | 503 (19.5) | 1474 (18.3) | 538 (16.6) | 124 (17.2) | 702 (20.7) | 110 (15.7) | 2255 (13.1) | 1138 (13.3) | 166 (13.0) | 724 (13.3) | 227 (12.0) | |||
Urgent | 4373 (19.5) | 1893 (21.8) | 326 (21.8) | 1419 (14.7) | 735 (28.5) | 458 (5.7) | 211 (6.5) | 48 (6.7) | 137 (4.0) | 62 (8.8) | 1248 (7.3) | 617 (7.2) | 95 (7.5) | 347 (6.4) | 189 (10.0) | |||
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 3.9± 1.9 | 4.2± 1.9 | 4.4± 2.0 | 3.7± 1.7 | 3.6± 1.9 | <0.001 | 4.8± 1.9 | 5.2± 1.9 | 4.9± 1.9 | 4.5± 1.8 | 4.9± 2.2 | <0.001 | 3.9± 2.2 | 4.2± 2.2 | 4.0± 2.3 | 3.5± 2.1 | 3.7± 2.5 | <0.001 |
Hospital characteristics | ||||||||||||||||||
Hospital beds | 1145.4± 363.8 | 1155.3± 355.3 | 1087.5± 332.8 | 1123.8± 383.6 | 1226.4± 315.3 | <0.001 | 1032.8± 325.4 | 1077.9± 312.3 | 1019.3± 310.9 | 969.4± 332.1 | 1145.1± 302.1 | <0.001 | 1199.7± 382.3 | 1227.6± 368.4 | 1163.1± 378.8 | 1129.7± 413.6 | 1300.2± 308.2 | <0.001 |
Number of nurses per 100 beds | 65.9± 13.0 | 64.2± 12.8 | 63.4± 12.8 | 68.1± 64.9 | 64.9± 12.2 | <0.001 | 35.1± 15.0 | 36.2± 14.8 | 37.1± 14.9 | 33.9± 15.4 | 33.4± 12.7 | <0.001 | 32.8± 11.5 | 33.2± 11.2 | 34.4± 11.6 | 32.3± 12.5 | 31.6± 9.9 | <0.001 |
Number of doctors per 100 beds | 41.8± 7.9 | 41.5± 7.9 | 42.1± 7.6 | 42.5± 8.1 | 40.2± 6.7 | <0.001 | 36.8± 9.0 | 37.2± 8.6 | 37.4± 10.1 | 36.5± 9.1 | 36.1± 8.6 | <0.001 | 36.1± 8.7 | 36.5± 8.3 | 36.3± 9.4 | 35.4± 9.1 | 36.4± 8.6 | <0.001 |
Hospital volume (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||||||||
Below median | 11823 (52.8) | 4956 (57.2) | 977 (65.4) | 4978 (51.6) | 912 (35.4) | 4054 (50.3) | 1755 (54.2) | 375 (52.0) | 1657 (48.8) | 267 (38.1) | 8466 (49.3) | 3560 (41.7) | 687 (54.0) | 3519 (64.5) | 700 (37.1) | |||
Above median | 10569 (47.2) | 3708 (42.8) | 517 (34.6) | 4678 (48.4) | 1666 (64.6) | 4002 (49.7) | 1484 (45.8) | 346 (48.0) | 1738 (51.2) | 434 (61.9) | 8695 (50.7) | 4980 (58.3) | 586 (46.0) | 1940 (35.5) | 1189 (62.9) | |||
Hospital region (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||||||||
North | 3770 (16.8) | 1533 (17.7) | 216 (14.5) | 1231 (12.7) | 790 (30.6) | 1768 (22.0) | 861 (26.6) | 133 (18.4) | 462 (13.6) | 312 (44.5) | 3084 (18.0) | 1530 (17.9) | 163 (12.8) | 716 (13.1) | 675 (35.7) | |||
South | 8839 (39.5) | 2645 (30.5) | 500 (33.5) | 4999 (51.8) | 695 (27.0) | 2774 (34.4) | 818 (25.2) | 221 (30.7) | 1577 (46.5) | 158 (22.5) | 4446 (25.9) | 1587 (18.6) | 323 (25.4) | 2177 (39.9) | 359 (19.0) | |||
Middle | 9783 (43.7) | 4486 (51.8) | 778 (52.1) | 3426 (35.5) | 1093 (42.4) | 3514 (43.6) | 1560 (48.2) | 367 (50.9) | 1356 (39.9) | 231 (33.0) | 9631 (56.1) | 5423 (63.5) | 787 (61.8) | 2566 (47.0) | 855 (45.3) |
UEBMI, the urban employee-based basic medical insurance; URBMI, urban resident-based basic medical insurance scheme; NCMS, the rural new cooperative medical scheme.
Plus-minus values are means±standard deviation. Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding.