Exemplar initiatives to characterise incident T1D, in comparison with ADDRESS
| Title | Country | Geographical coverage | Diabetes subtypes | Relatives of proband | Recruitment age (years) | Multiethnic | Biological sample collection | Accessible data or biological samples | Consent to be approached about other research | Year initiated | Aims |
| SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study32 | USA | Five regional centres | All | No | <20 | Yes | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | 2000 | To determine temporal changes in incidence and prevalence of diabetes in young people by subtype, age, gender and ethnicity, and to aid classification of subtype |
| T1D Exchange registry33 | USA | 77 centres in 35 states | T1D | No | Children and adults of any age | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (75% of cohort) | 2010 | To identify issues of clinical relevance, generate hypotheses and characterise patients for future studies |
| Belgian Diabetes Registry34 | Belgium | Belgium-wide with national network of centres to conduct clinical trials | T1D | First-degree relatives | <40 | Unknown | Yes | Unknown | Yes | 1989 | To detect trends in incidence over time, to identify markers of T1D onset and progression, and to conduct trials |
| BOX35 | UK | Six centres in the former Oxford Regional Health Authority area | T1D | First-degree relatives | ≤21 | Unknown (there is little ethnic diversity in the region) | Yes | No | Yes | 1985 | To study the natural history of T1D, including initiation and progression of islet autoimmunity to identify those at risk of developing T1D, and to determine temporal changes in incidence |
| ADDRESS | UK | 156 centres across England and Wales | T1D | Siblings | ≥5 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 2007 | To study the heterogeneity of clinical presentation, to support recruitment into clinical trials and other studies, and to facilitate genetic and biomarker research |