Effect estimates from univariable and multivariable models
| Variable | Comparison | Univariable p value | Univariable HR (95% CI) | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | Multivariable HR (95% CI) w/o decision variable |
| Gender | Female | 0.43 | 1.00 | N/A | N/A |
| Male | 1.11 (0.86 to 1.42) | ||||
| Febrile seizure history | Absent | 0.28 | 1.00 | N/A | N/A |
| Present | 0.69 (0.35 to 1.34) | ||||
| Epilepsy in first-degree relative | Absent | 0.82 | 1.00 | N/A | N/A |
| Present | 1.05 (0.69 to 1.59) | ||||
| Neurological insult | Absent | 0.59 | 1.00 | N/A | N/A |
| Present | 0.90 (0.62 to 1.32) | ||||
| Seizure type | Simple/complex partial+secondary gen. | 1.00 | N/A | N/A | |
| Simple/complex partial only | 0.35 | 1.17 (0.84 to 1.63) | |||
| Generalised TC only | 0.65 | 0.87 (0.48 to 1.58) | |||
| Absence | 0.96 | 1.03 (0.35 to 3.03) | |||
| Myoclonic/absence+TC | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.49 to 2.03) | |||
| TC (uncertain if focal or gen.) | 0.49 | 0.85 (0.54 to 1.34) | |||
| Other | 0.89 | 1.07 (0.44 to 2.55) | |||
| Epilepsy type | Partial | 1.00 | N/A | N/A | |
| Generalised | 0.65 | 0.88 (0.52 to 1.49) | |||
| Unclassified | 0.55 | 0.88 (0.57 to 1.35) | |||
| EEG results | Normal | 1.00 | N/A | N/A | |
| Non-specific abnormality | 0.62 | 0.91 (0.63 to 1.32) | |||
| Epileptiform abnormality | 0.87 | 0.98 (0.73 to 1.30) | |||
| Not done/missing | 0.05 | 0.60 (0.36 to 1.00) | |||
| CT/MRI scan results | Normal | 1.00 | N/A | N/A | |
| Abnormal | 0.15 | 0.79 (0.57 to 1.09) | |||
| Not done/missing | 0.86 | 0.97 (0.71 to 1.33) | |||
| Number of drugs attempted for remission | Monotherapy | 0.01 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Polytherapy | 1.47 (1.11 to 1.94) | 1.37 (1.02 to 1.84) | 1.28 (0.96 to 1.71) | ||
| Number of TC seizures reported by first breakthrough seizure (linear) | 0 | 0.60 | 1.00 | N/A | N/A |
| 1 | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | ||||
| 2 | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | ||||
| 3–4 | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | ||||
| 5–6 | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.02) | ||||
| 7–10 | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03) | ||||
| 11–20 | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.05) | ||||
| >20 | 1.31 (0.48 to 3.52) | ||||
| Age at first breakthrough seizure (linear) | ≤20 | 0.39 | 1.00 | N/A | N/A |
| 21–30 | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07) | ||||
| 31–45 | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.23) | ||||
| 46–70 | 1.14 (0.85 to 1.53) | ||||
| >70 | 1.22 (0.78 to 1.89) | ||||
| Time to achieve initial 12-month remission (years) (FP) | 1 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–1.5 | 1.27 (1.12 to 1.44) | 1.21 (1.06 to 1.38) | 1.24 (1.08 to 1.41) | ||
| 1.5–2 | 1.57 (1.24 to 1.98) | 1.43 (1.12 to 1.82) | 1.49 (1.16 to 1.89) | ||
| 2–3 | 1.75 (1.31 to 2.34) | 1.56 (1.15 to 2.11) | 1.64 (1.21 to 2.22) | ||
| >3 | 1.89 (1.36 to 2.62) | 1.65 (1.17 to 2.43) | 1.75 (1.24 to 2.46) | ||
| Breakthrough seizure decision | No change to treatment plan | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/A | |
| Increase dosage | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.59 to 2.66) | 2.05 (1.59 to 2.66) | ||
| Decrease dosage (or not specified) | 0.83 | 1.07 (0.59 to 1.93) | 0.99 (0.55 to 1.79) |
Gen, generalised; HR >1, seizure recurrence more likely; FP, fractional polynomial transformation of this covariate; linear, no transformation of this covariate; N/A, variable not included in final model; TC, tonic–clonic.