Baseline characteristics of patients on beta blockers on admission and a left ventricular ejection fraction <40% included in the Gulf-CARE
| All patients in Gulf CARE n=5005 | Patients with a LVEF <40% on beta blockers on admission n=1278 | p Value * | ||
| Patients with ADCHF and a LVEF <40%, on beta blockers on admission n=1018 | Patients with ADNHF and a LVEF <40% on beta blockers on admission n=260 | |||
| Age (years) | 59±15 | 61.0±13.9 | 59.8±13.8 | 0.21 |
| Male gender | 3131 (62.6) | 751 (73.8) | 177 (68.1) | 0.07 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28±6 | 27.7±5.8 | 28.1±5.7 | 0.26 |
| Hypertension | 3059 (61.1) | 673 (66.1) | 181 (69.6) | 0.29 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2492 (49.8) | 569 (55.9) | 147 (56.5) | 0.86 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1799 (35.9) | 464 (45.6) | 106 (40.8) | 0.16 |
| Smoking | 1103 (22) | 162 (15.9) | 67 (25.8) | 0.001 |
| Race | ||||
| Arabs | 4516 (90.2) | 937 (92.0) | 232 (89.2) | 0.04 |
| Asians | 473 (9.5) | 77 (7.6) | 28 (10.8) | |
| Others | 16 (0.3) | 4 (0.4) | – | |
| Medical history | ||||
| Known CAD | 2337 (46.7) | 676 (66.4) | 150 (57.7) | 0.008 |
| Stroke/TIAs | 404 (8) | 96 (9.4) | 29 (11.2) | 0.40 |
| Valvular heart disease | 675 (13.5) | 154 (15.1) | 19 (7.3) | 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 607 (12) | 170 (16.7) | 23 (8.8) | 0.001 |
| CKD | 744 (14.9) | 215 (21.1) | 28 (10.8) | 0.001 |
| Aetiology | ||||
| Non-compliance to medication | 964 (19) | 300 (29.5) | 40 (15.4) | 0.05 |
| IHD | 1365 (27) | 204 (20.0) | 117 (45.0) | 0.67 |
| HTN | 410 (8.2) | 46 (4.5) | 12 (4.6) | 0.26 |
| Arrhythmia | 301 (6) | 61 (6.0) | 11 (4.2) | 0.49 |
| Anaemia | 143 (3.1) | 23 (2.3) | 5 (1.9) | 0.50 |
| Renal failure | 221 (4.4) | 58 (5.7) | 9 (3.5) | 0.19 |
| Clinical and biochemical parameters | ||||
| HR, bpm | 77.6±12.8 | 94.4±22.4 | 94.6±22.3 | 0.92 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 118±18 | 126.6±30.6 | 133.6±32.4 | 0.002 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 70±12 | 76.4±17.9 | 80.5±19.3 | 0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 36.9±14 | 26.6±7.1 | 28.8±7.2 | 0.001 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 5324±4523 | 6847±9679 | 5227±4924 | 0.21 |
| Creatinine, mmol/L | 130±116 | 137.7±116.3 | 128.5±121.9 | 0.24 |
| Medications | ||||
| Carvedilol | 1099 (21.9) | 649 (63.8) | 100 (38.5) | 0.001 |
| Bisoprolol | 626 (12.5) | 286 (28.1) | 90 (34.6) | 0.04 |
| Metoprolol | 299 (5.9) | 64 (6.3) | 35 (13.5) | 0.001 |
| Atenolol | 184 (3.6) | 19 (1.9) | 35 (13.5) | 0.001 |
| ACE inhibitors | 2762 (55.2) | 652 (64.0) | 166 (63.8) | 0.96 |
| ARBs | 645 (12.9) | 180 (17.7) | 23 (8.8) | 0.001 |
| Statins | 2555 (51) | 751 (73.8) | 180 (69.2) | 0.14 |
| Aspirin | 3089 (61.7) | 832 (81.7) | 204 (78.5) | 0.23 |
| VKA | 618 (12) | 221 (21.7) | 19 (7.3) | 0.001 |
| Ibravadine | 115 (2.3) | 48 (4.7) | 7 (2.7) | 0.15 |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 840 (16.8) | 419 (41.2) | 45 (17.3) | 0.001 |
| Clopidogrel | 966 (19) | 301 (29.6) | 81 (31.2) | 0.61 |
| Diuretics | 2882 (57.6) | 920 (90.4) | 113 (43.5) | 0.001 |
| Inotropes use during hospitalisation | 783 (16) | 156 (15.3) | 51 (19.6) | 0.96 |
All values are given as n (%) or mean ±SD.
*p Value: patients with acute decompensated chronic heart failure and LVEF <40% on beta blockers on admission versus de novo heart failure and LVEF <40% on beta blockers on admission.
ADCHF, acute decompensated chronic heart failure; ADNHF, acute de novo heart failure; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CARE, aCute heArt rEgistry; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD,chronic kidney disease; IHD, ischemic heart disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIAs, transient ischaemic attacks; VKA, Vitamin K antagonists, .