Characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for each season according to colonisation status for Streptococcous pneumoniae at any time period
| Colonised participants | Non-colonised participants | p Value | |
| N | 11 | 122 | |
| Spring | |||
| Number of COPD exacerbations | 1 (1) | 0.5 (2) | p>0.05 |
| % with pneumonia | 0% | 9% | |
| Incidents of antibiotic use | 0 (1) | 1 (3) | |
| Incidents of steroid use | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | |
| Summer | |||
| Number of COPD exacerbations | 0 (1) | 1 (2) | p>0.05 |
| % with pneumonia | 0% | 3% | |
| Incidents of antibiotic use | 0 (2) | 1 (2) | |
| Incidents of steroid use | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | |
| Autumn | |||
| Number of COPD exacerbations | 1 (2) | 1 (3) | p>0.05 |
| % with pneumonia | 0% | 2% | |
| Incidents of antibiotic use | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | |
| Incidents of steroid use | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | |
| Winter | |||
| Number of COPD exacerbations | 0 (1) | 1 (2) | 0.06 |
| % with pneumonia | 0% | 2% | p>0.05 |
| Incidents of antibiotic use | 0 (0.5) | 1 (2) | *0.01 |
| Incidents of steroid use | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | *0.01 |
Data presented as median (IQR) or % unless otherwise specified.
*significance at p=0.01 level.