Acupuncture treatment | ||||||||||||
No | Yes | |||||||||||
Stratification | N | Events | PYs | Incidence† | HR | (95% CI) | N | Events | PYs | Incidence* | HR | (95% CI)‡ |
Sex | ||||||||||||
Female | 2426 | 467 | 13 132 | 35.6 | 1.00 | (reference) | 2426 | 305 | 12 015 | 25.4 | 0.70 | (0.60 to 0.80) |
Male | 3189 | 558 | 16 471 | 33.9 | 1.00 | (reference) | 3189 | 415 | 15 193 | 27.3 | 0.75 | (0.66 to 0.85) |
Age, years | ||||||||||||
50–59 | 1368 | 116 | 8137 | 14.3 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1368 | 69 | 7195 | 9.6 | 0.64 | (0.47 to 0.86) |
60–69 | 2242 | 355 | 12 634 | 28.1 | 1.00 | (reference) | 2242 | 250 | 11 235 | 22.3 | 0.75 | (0.64 to 0.88) |
70–79 | 1770 | 474 | 8112 | 58.4 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1770 | 348 | 7989 | 43.6 | 0.72 | (0.63 to 0.83) |
≥80 | 230 | 80 | 712 | 112.4 | 1.00 | (reference) | 230 | 53 | 788 | 67.3 | 0.54 | (0.38 to 0.76) |
Subtypes of stroke | ||||||||||||
Haemorrhagic | 464 | 64 | 2504 | 25.6 | 1.00 | (reference) | 464 | 49 | 2322 | 21.1 | 0.77 | (0.53 to 1.12) |
Ischaemic | 3386 | 664 | 17 380 | 38.2 | 1.00 | (reference) | 3386 | 479 | 16 214 | 29.5 | 0.74 | (0.66 to 0.84) |
Others | 1760 | 297 | 9710 | 30.6 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1760 | 192 | 8671 | 22.1 | 0.69 | (0.57 to 0.82) |
Medical conditions | ||||||||||||
0 | 428 | 84 | 1480 | 56.8 | 1.00 | (reference) | 428 | 60 | 1821 | 32.9 | 0.55 | (0.39 to 0.77) |
1 | 1298 | 210 | 6263 | 33.5 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1298 | 140 | 6073 | 23.1 | 0.64 | (0.52 to 0.80) |
2 | 1554 | 265 | 8175 | 32.4 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1554 | 196 | 7398 | 26.5 | 0.81 | (0.68 to 0.98) |
≥3 | 2330 | 466 | 13 677 | 34.1 | 1.00 | (reference) | 2330 | 324 | 11 915 | 27.2 | 0.82 | (0.71 to 0.95) |
Length of stay, days | ||||||||||||
1–6 | 3449 | 609 | 19 024 | 32.0 | 1.00 | (reference) | 3405 | 441 | 16 712 | 26.4 | 0.81 | (0.71 to 0.91) |
≥7 | 2161 | 416 | 10 570 | 39.4 | 1.00 | (reference) | 2205 | 279 | 10 495 | 26.6 | 0.64 | (0.55 to 0.74) |
*For all patients with haemorrhagic stroke (n=19 761) without any matching procedures, acupuncture was associated with reduced risk of dementia (adjusted HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.79).
†Per 1000 PYs.
‡Adjusted for all covariates listed in table 1.
PY, person-years.