Table 1

Included studies reporting endpoints of interest

Study (reference)	Country	Trial dates	Modified Jadad*	Potential for bias	Hospital setting	Depth of sedation	Sedative	Monitoring staff	Oxygen at baseline	N (control, Cap)
Beitz et al 28	Germany	10 February, 11 January	5.5	High: 3	Colonoscopy	‘adequate’	Propofol	Not specified	2 L/min	757 (374, 383)
Deitch et al 26	USA	6 November, 8 February	5.5	Low: 0	Emergency department	Moderate	Propofol	Not specified	3 L/min	132 (64, 68)
Friedrich-Rust et al 29	Germany	12 June, 13 May	6	Low: 0	Colonoscopy	Deep	Propofol†	Anaesthesiologist or sedation-trained nurse	2 L/min	533 (266, 267)
Langhan et al 31	USA	11 September, 13 January	6	Low: 0	Paediatric emergency department	NA	Ketamine, midazolam	‘Treating staff’	None	154 (77, 77)
Lightdale et al 6	USA	3 December, 4 November	8	Low: 0	Endoscopy	Moderate	Fentanyl, midazolam	Independent observer	2 L/min	163 (80, 83)
Qadeer et al 5	USA	7 January, 8 May	7.5	Moderate: 1	ERCP and EUS	NA	Midazolam†	Independent observer	None	247 (124, 123)
Slagelse et al 32	Denmark	10 September, 11 January	6	Low: 0	Endoscopy	NA	Propofol	Sedation-trained nurse	2–3 L/min	540 (277, 263)
van Loon et al 27	Netherlands	10 April, 11 January	5	Low: 0	Gynaecology	Deep	Propofol	Medical team providing sedation	None	415 (209, 206)
Zongming et al 30	China	10 November, 13 May	6	Low: 0	Abortion	Deep	Propofol	Anaesthesiologist	3 L/min	700 (359, 341)
Campbell et al 49	Canada	6 April, 12 April	5	Moderate: 2	Emergency department	NA	Physician’s choice	Paramedic acute care practitioner	98.7% received oxygen	986 (501, 485)
Klare et al 34	Germany	10 February, 11 October	5.5	Moderate: 1	ERCP	Deep	Midazolam and propofol	Physician not performing procedure	2 L/min	238 (117, 121)
Mehta et al 25	USA	13 December, 15 January	8	Low: 0	Colonoscopy	Moderate	Fentanyl or meperidine, plus midazolam	Independent observer	None	231 (114, 117)
Mehta et al 25	USA	13 December, 15 January	8	Low: 0	EGD	Moderate	Fentanyl or meperidine, plus midazolam	Independent observer	None	209 (108, 101)
Riphaus et al 33	Germany	10 June, 11 November	5.5	High: 3	EUS	‘adequate’	Midazolam and propofol	Independent observer	2 L/min	170 (87, 83)

*Higher scores indicate higher quality studies. In the present analysis, a score of 6.0–8.0 was designated as high quality.
†In combination with multiple other agents.
Cap, capnography (arm); EGD, esophagogastroduodenoscopy; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EUS, endoscopic ultrasonography; NA, not applicable.