Table 4

Results of the multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression of predictors of death among patients with liver cancer

Variable	HR	95% CI	p Value
Male	1.14	1.07 to 1.22	<0.001
Age (hepatocellular cancer diagnosis) per 5 years	1.02	1.01 to 1.03	0.002
Diabetes	1.13	1.04 to 1.22	0.004
Hypertension	0.83	0.78 to 0.89	<0.001
CVA	0.78	0.72 to 0.84	<0.001
CKD	0.84	0.74 to 0.92	<0.001
Viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV)	0.79	0.72 to 0.88	<0.001
CCI (per 1 score)	1.07	1.05 to 1.08	<0.001
US indications
Three times or more US	0.80	0.75 to 0.85	<0.001
KUB diseases	0.92	0.86 to 0.995	0.037
Gallbladder diseases	0.90	0.85 to 0.96	0.001
Chronic liver diseases (except HBV, HCV)	0.90	0.81 to 0.999	0.047
Pancreas diseases	0.80	0.71 to 0.91	<0.001
Complication of liver cancer
UGI bleeding (GU, DU)	0.92	0.86 to 0.98	0.009
EV bleeding	0.90	0.83 to 0.97	0.008
Treatments
TACE	0.82	0.76 to 0.89	<0.001
Radiotherapy	0.81	0.75 to 0.87	<0.001
RFA	0.79	0.68 to 0.93	0.004
Chemotherapy	0.71	0.67 to 0.76	<0.001
hepatectomy	0.67	0.61 to 0.73	<0.001
PEI	0.64	0.57 to 0.70	<0.001
Background
Employment	0.89	0.83 to 0.95	<0.001
Northern area in Taiwan	0.91	0.85 to 0.97	0.003

CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; DU, duodenal ulcer; EV, esophageal varices; GU, gastric ulcer; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; KUB, kidney–urinary–bladder; PEI, percutaneous ethanol injection; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation; UGI, upper gastrointestinal tract; US, ultrasonography surveillance.