Primary outcomes | | |
Gestational weight gain | Digital weight scale; medical records | Baseline; hospital discharge |
Birth weight | Medical records | Hospital discharge |
Maternal physical health problems after childbirth | Self-reported | 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum |
Infant health problems | Reported by the mother | 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum |
Secondary outcomes | | |
Obstetric complications during pregnancy and at birth | Medical records | Hospital discharge |
Type of delivery | Medical records | Hospital discharge |
Breastfeeding: prelacteal feeds, time to first feed, initiation, duration | Breastfeeding questionnaire | Hospital discharge; 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum |
Infant growth at 1 year of age: infant weight and length within 12 months | Medical records (infant weight and length at birth); the local Maternal and Child Health Management System (infant weight and length between 1 and 12 months) | Hospital discharge; 12 months postpartum |
Exposure and confounding variables | | |
Maternal weight and height at baseline | Digital weight scale; stadiometer | Baseline |
Body fat composition | Bioelectrical impedance analysis scale | Baseline |
Physical activity during pregnancy | Pregnancy physical activity questionnaire | Baseline |
Dietary intake and alcohol drinking during pregnancy | Food frequency questionnaire | Baseline |
Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics: age, marital status, education level, occupation, household income | Structured questionnaire | Baseline |
Health characteristics: history of diabetes and hypertension, parity | Structured questionnaire | Baseline |
Infant gender, gestational age at delivery | Medical records | Hospital discharge |
Cigarette smoking | Structured questionnaire | Baseline; 6 months postpartum |
Maternal attitudes towards infant feeding | Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale | 32–37 weeks of gestation |
Maternal breastfeeding confidence | Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale | Hospital discharge |
Maternal depressive symptoms | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | 32–37 weeks of gestation; 1, 3 and 6 months postpartum |
Infant dietary intake | 48 hours food recall | 12 months postpartum |