Table 2

Characteristics associated with incident major depressive disorder during the 2-year follow-up (wave II) by gender

Characteristics	Males n=441		Females n=646
Characteristics	RR, 95% CI	p Value	RR, 95% CI	p Value
Age	0.995 (0.992 to 0.999)	0.015	0.991 (0.988 to 0.994)	<0.001
Low income
No	1		1
Yes	0.950 (0.794 to 1.136)	0.574	1.228 (1.101 to 1.369)	<0.001
Immigrant status
Immigrant	1		1
Canadian born	N/A		1.271 (1.136 to 1.423)	<0.001
Marital status
Married/common law	1		1
Single	N/A		0.981 (0.867 to 1.111)	0.767
Widowed/separated/divorced	2.034 (1.822 to 2.271)	<0.001	0.859 (0.778 to 0.950)	0.003
Family history of mental health problems
No	1		1
Yes	1.723 (1.551 to 1.914)	<0.001	1.526 (1.402 to 1.660)	<0.001
Type of drinker
Abstainer	N/A		1
Former			0.106 (0.074 to 0.153)	<0.001
Occasional			1.487 (1.249 to 1.770)	<0.001
Regular			0.746 (0.625 to 0.891)	0.001
Education
Postsecondary degree	1		1
Some postsecondary	1.408 (1.189 to 1.667)	<0.001	0.510 (0.404 to 0.643)	<0.001
Postsecondary	2.359 (2.063 to 2.697)	<0.001	0.821 (0.729 to 0.949)	0.008
Less secondary	1.172 (1.005 to 1.367)	0.043	1.491 (1.323 to 1.681)	<0.001
GIS measures in 500 m buffer zone
Crime rate	0.983 (0.978 to 0.988)	<0.001	0.978 (0.974 to 0.982)	<0.001
Low income rate	0.985 (0.976 to 0.994)	0.001	0.986 (0.978 to 0.994)	0.001
Unemployment rate for population aged 25 years and older	1.164 (1.141 to 1.188)	<0.001	1.112 (1.092 to 1.132)	<0.001
Proportion of visible minorities	1.038 (1.034 to 1.043)	<0.001	0.991 (0.987 to 0.996)	<0.001
No. of cultural community centres	1.075 (1.053 to 1.097)	<0.001	0.961 (0.942 to 0.980)	<0.001
No. of community organisations	0.638 (0.574 to 0.708)	<0.001	1.605 (1.471 to 1.752)	<0.001
No. of mental health-related services	1.291 (1.229 to 1.355)	<0.001	0.926 (0.886 to 0.967)	0.001
No. of medical clinics	0.531 (0.463 to 0.608)	<0.001	1.011 (0.892 to 1.147)	0.859
No. of physical activity places	0.559 (0.515 to 0.607)	<0.001	0.952 (0.897 to 1.011)	0.112