Baseline characteristics of the participants from urban (Tokyo) and rural (Yamanashi Prefecture) regions of Japan
| Characteristics, mean (SD) | Men | Women |
| Urban region | ||
| No. | 10 094 | 10 614 |
| Age, years | 49.6 (11.9) | 48.3 (11.3) |
| Weight, kg | 68.8 (9.7) | 52.3 (7.4) |
| Height, cm | 170.4 (6.1) | 157.7 (5.6) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.7 (2.8) | 21.0 (2.9) |
| HbA1c, % | 5.4 (0.3) | 5.3 (0.4) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 35.3 (3.7) | 35.0 (3.8) |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 100.8 (8.6) | 94.5 (8.0) |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.6 (0.5) | 5.2 (0.4) |
| Rural region | ||
| No. | 4818 | 4852 |
| Age, years | 51.2 (10.3) | 52.1 (9.4) |
| Weight, kg | 65.7 (9.1) | 53.1 (7.5) |
| Height, cm | 168.1 (6.2) | 154.8 (5.6) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.2 (2.7) | 22.1 (2.9) |
| HbA1c, % | 5.3 (0.3) | 5.3 (0.3) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 34.3 (3.8) | 34.4 (3.5) |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 96.3 (9.0) | 93.2 (8.5) |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.3 (0.5) | 5.2 (0.5) |