Factors associated with ratings of respondents on the performance of the current Chinese health insurance system (n=1277)
| Characteristics of respondents | n (%) | Rated with serious problems (%) | χ2 | p Value |
| Sex | 0.483 | 0.487 | ||
| Male | 519 (40.6) | 226 (43.5) | ||
| Female | 758 (59.4) | 345 (45.5) | ||
| Age (years) | 1.299 | 0.729 | ||
| <30 | 171 (13.4) | 82 (48.0) | ||
| 30–44 | 759 (59.4) | 340 (44.8) | ||
| 45–59 | 303 (23.7) | 129 (42.6) | ||
| ≥60 | 44 (3.4) | 20 (45.5) | ||
| Level of education | 8.116 | 0.044 | ||
| Without a tertiary degree | 234 (18.3) | 96 (41.0) | ||
| University undergraduate degree | 764 (59.8) | 340 (44.5) | ||
| Master’s degree | 215 (16.8) | 96 (44.7) | ||
| Doctoral degree | 64 (5.0) | 39 (60.9) | ||
| Working experience (years) | 5.519 | 0.063 | ||
| <5 | 262 (20.5) | 134 (51.1) | ||
| 5–9 | 280 (21.9) | 121 (43.2) | ||
| ≥10 | 735 (57.6) | 316 (43.0) | ||
| Working unit | 2.086 | 0.720 | ||
| Hospitals | 514 (40.3) | 236 (45.9) | ||
| Health authority | 274 (21.5) | 121 (44.2) | ||
| Social insurance agency | 281 (22.0) | 118 (42.0) | ||
| Research institute | 106 (8.3) | 52 (49.1) | ||
| Others | 102 (8.0) | 44 (43.1) | ||
| City | 6.829 | 0.078 | ||
| Beijing | 358 (28.0) | 151 (42.2) | ||
| Ningbo | 265 (20.8) | 122 (46.0) | ||
| Harbin | 314 (24.6) | 158 (50.3) | ||
| Chongqing | 340 (26.6) | 571 (44.7) | ||
| Expectations of insurance arrangements | ||||
| Individual contribution | 0.705 | 0.703 | ||
| Varied by income | 263 (20.6) | 112 (42.6) | ||
| Varied by insurance packages | 434 (34.0) | 194 (44.7) | ||
| Equal contributions from members | 580 (45.4) | 265 (45.7) | ||
| Reimbursement rate | 1.331 | 0.722 | ||
| 100% | 338 (26.5) | 159 (47.0) | ||
| 90%–99% | 671 (52.5) | 296 (44.1) | ||
| 70%–89% | 242 (19.0) | 106 (43.8) | ||
| <70% | 26 (2.0) | 10 (38.5) | ||
| Scope of covered services | 6.329 | 0.042 | ||
| Medical treatment and preventive care plus fringe benefits | 378 (29.6) | 184 (48.7) | ||
| Medical treatment and preventive care | 616 (48.2) | 277 (45.0) | ||
| Medical treatment only | 283 (22.2) | 110 (38.9) | ||
| Structural design of health insurance programmes | ||||
| Enrolment | 3.488 | 0.062 | ||
| Irrational | 762 (59.7) | 357 (46.9) | ||
| Rational | 515 (40.3) | 214 (41.6) | ||
| Financial sources | 0.525 | 0.469 | ||
| Irrational | 507 (39.7) | 233 (46.0) | ||
| Rational | 770 (60.3) | 338 (43.9) | ||
| Provider payment | 3.923 | 0.048 | ||
| Irrational | 892 (69.9) | 415 (46.5) | ||
| Rational | 385 (30.1) | 156 (40.5) | ||
| Cooperation across funds | 1.247 | 0.264 | ||
| Irrational | 716 (56.1) | 330 (46.1) | ||
| Rational | 561 (43.9) | 241 (43.0) | ||
| Legal assurance | 4.140 | 0.042 | ||
| Incomplete | 852 (66.7) | 398 (46.7) | ||
| Complete | 425 (33.3) | 173 (40.7) | ||
| Operations management of patient claims | ||||
| Processing procedure | 2.632 | 0.105 | ||
| Cumbersome | 742 (58.1) | 346 (46.6) | ||
| Convenient | 535 (41.9) | 225 (42.1) | ||
| Use of funds | 3.193 | 0.074 | ||
| Ineffective | 741 (58.0) | 347 (46.8) | ||
| Effective | 536 (42.0) | 224 (41.8) | ||
| Supervision and administration of funds | 4.079 | 0.043 | ||
| Ineffective | 759 (59.4) | 357 (47.0) | ||
| Effective | 518 (40.6) | 214 (41.3) | ||
| Bargaining power | 3.917 | 0.048 | ||
| Poor | 812 (63.6) | 380 (46.8) | ||
| Good | 465 (36.4) | 191 (41.1) | ||
| Portability of entitlement | 6.371 | 0.012 | ||
| Poor | 774 (60.6) | 368 (47.5) | ||
| Good | 503 (39.4) | 203 (40.4) | ||
| Perceived impacts of health insurance | ||||
| Population coverage | 2.204 | 0.138 | ||
| Not universal | 134 (10.5) | 68 (50.7) | ||
| Universal | 1143 (89.5) | 503 (44.0) | ||
| Financial protection | 16.581 | 0.000 | ||
| Ineffective | 918 (71.9) | 443 (48.3) | ||
| Effective | 359 (28.1) | 128 (35.7) | ||
| Cost containment | 4.486 | 0.034 | ||
| Ineffective | 748 (58.6) | 353 (47.2) | ||
| Effective | 529 (41.4) | 218 (41.2) | ||
| Healthcare equity | 17.697 | 0.000 | ||
| Ineffective | 768 (60.1) | 380 (49.5) | ||
| Effective | 509 (39.9) | 191 (37.5) |