Association between snus and respiratory health and sleep-related symptoms in never-smokers (%) and adjusted OR
| Never smoked | ||||
| Tobacco free (n=14 914) | Snus users (n=1168) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | |
| Asthma | 6.9 | 10.1 | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.20 to 1.85) |
| Asthmatic symptoms | ||||
| Wheezing | 12.9 | 18.8 | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.32 to 1.84) |
| Wheezing and breathlessness | 8.2 | 10.9 | 0.002 | 1.38 (1.12 to 1.69) |
| Wheezing without having a cold | 8.0 | 11.8 | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.21 to 1.80) |
| Night-time chest tightness | 9.4 | 12.0 | 0.004 | 1.41 (1.16 to 1.71) |
| Night-time attacks of breathlessness | 4.8 | 6.1 | 0.045 | 1.39 (1.07 to 1.82) |
| Night-time coughing | 23.1 | 23.1 | 0.987 | 1.27 (1.09 to 1.47) |
| Chronic bronchitis | 9.0 | 12.5 | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.21 to 1.78) |
| Allergic rhinitis | 24.7 | 28.0 | 0.012 | 1.14 (0.99 to 1.31) |
| Chronic rhinosinusitis | 7.1 | 9.3 | 0.005 | 1.37 (1.11 to 1.70) |
| Sleeping problems | ||||
| Snoring | 11.7 | 19.0 | <0.001 | 1.53 (1.29 to 1.82) |
| DIS | 11.1 | 16.5 | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.44 to 2.03) |
| DMS | 25.3 | 15.8 | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.59 to 0.84) |
| EDS | 28.7 | 29.8 | 0.433 | 1.08 (0.94 to 1.24) |
| EMA | 12.7 | 9.0 | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.67 to 1.04) |
| Use of hypnotics | 4.0 | 3.1 | 0.143 | 1.24 (0.85 to 1.80) |
Associations with a p value of <0.05 are marked as bold.
Adjusted for gender, age, BMI, centre, educational level and physical activity.
BMI, body mass index; DIS, difficulty inducing sleep; DMS, difficulty maintaining sleep; EDS, excessive daytime sleepiness; EMA, early morning awakening at least three to five nights/week.