Table 1

Sets of variables used to define the five models

Set 1 (variables ‘independent’ from the type of game)
  • Total deposit

  • Total number of deposits

  • Biggest deposit in a single day

  • Total withdrawal

  • Number of sequences of three deposits within a 12-hour period (chasing 1)

  • Number of times when we observe a deposit made less than 1 hour after a bet (chasing 2)

  • Number of different types of games played

  • Number of changes in the wagering limits

  • Number of changes in the deposit limits

  • Number of changes in auto-withdrawal limits

  • Highest limit set in wagering limits

  • Highest limit set in deposit limits

  • Number of active accounts

Set 2 (variables computed for each type of game)
  • Total stake

  • Total number of bets

  • Net loss

  • Total win in the previous month

  • Number of gambling days

  • Coefficient of variation of the number of bets for gambling days

  • Coefficient of variation of stakes for gambling days

  • Biggest total stake in a single day

  • Total bonuses used

Set 3 (specific sports betting variables)
  • Total stake for complex bets

  • Total stake for live bets

  • Number of different sports

Set 4 (specific horse race betting variables)
  • Total stake for complex bets

Set 5 (variables specific to lotteries and scratch games)
  • Number of different games played

  • Type of lottery (instant/deferred)

Global status✓ (For all types of game)
Sports betting✓ (For sports betting)
Horse race betting✓ (For horse race betting)
Poker✓ (For poker)
Lotteries and scratch games✓ (For lotteries and scratch games)