Table 2

Characteristics of retained T2DM studies in Nigeria

ZonesLocationPeriodDesignSettingSample sizeDiagnostic criteriaAge (years)Mean FPG (mmol/l)T2DM Prevalence (%)Quality Grading
North-CentralIlorin, Kwara State29 1988Population-based cross-sectional studyMixed28002 hr-pG or RBG>11.1 mmoL/L60.74.61.4Moderate
Ilorin, Kwara State30 2008Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban281FPG>7 mmoL/L, RBG>11.1 mmoL/L50.5 – 1.5Moderate
Gindiri, Plateau State31 2014Population-based cross-sectional studyRural295FPG>7 mmoL/L47.55.95.1Moderate
North–EastMaiduguri, Bornu State32 2009Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban242WHO 199944.4 – 7.0Moderate
Maiduguri, Borno State33 1999Population-based cross-sectional studyRural500FPG>7 mmoL/L45.55.22.6Moderate
North–WestDakace Village, Zaria, Kaduna State34 2007Population-based cross-sectional studyRural299WHO 199859.4 – 2.0Moderate
Sokoto, Sokoto State35 2011Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban389WHO 199939.35.44.6Moderate
Sokoto, Sokoto State36 2013Population-based cross-sectional studyRural393WHO 199938.55.00.8Moderate
Katsina, Katsina State37 2006Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban300FPG>7 mmoL/L, self-report, known diabetic on treatment37.64.65.3Moderate
South–EastUmuahia, Abia State38 2000–2004Hospital-based retrospective record reviewUrban1124* FPG>7 mmoL/L, past diabetes history, admission diagnosis55† – 14.0‡ Moderate
Umudike, Abia State39 2014Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban365WHO-IDF 2006464.83.0Moderate
Imezi-Owa, Enugu State40 2011Population-based cross-sectional studyRural858WHO 199859.84.64.4Moderate
Aba, Abia State41 2009–2011Hospital-based retrospective record reviewUrban853* FPG>7 mmoL/L, past diabetes history, admission diagnosis56.4† – – Moderate
Nkanu East LGA, Enugu State42 2013Population-based cross-sectional studyRural824WHO-IDF 200651.15.34.8Moderate
Abia State43 2013Population-based cross-sectional studyMixed2983FPG>7 mmoL/L, RBG>11.1 mmoL/L, self report41.7 – 5Moderate
Abia State44 2011–2012Population-based cross-sectional studyMixed2183FPG>7 mmoL/L43.7 – 3.6Moderate
Naze, Owerri, Imo State45 2009Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban253FPG>7 mmoL/L53.45.86.7Moderate
South–SouthPort Harcourt, Rivers State47 2010Population-based cross-sectional studyRural500WHO-IDF 200641.342.2Moderate
Uyo, Akwa Ibom State46 2008–2010Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban3500FPG>7 mmoL/L, 2 hr-pG or RBG>11.1 mmoL/L49.8 – 10.5Moderate
Calabar, Cross Rivers State48 2014Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban1134WHO 199938.9 – 6.5High
Esan South, Edo State49 2013Population-based cross-sectional studyRural845WHO-IDF 200656.44.6Moderate
Port Harcourt, Rivers State50 2001Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban4032 hr-pG or RBG>11.1 mmoL/L61.57.4526.3Moderate
Port Harcourt, Rivers State51 2000Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban5022 hr-pG or RBG>11.1 mmoL/L, WHO 1999484.86.8High
Ndokwa West LGA, Delta State52 2014Population-based cross-sectional studyMixed422ADA 2003, WHO 199940.65.15.4Moderate
Calabar, Cross River State53 2006–2010Hospital-based retrospective record reviewUrban360* FPG>7 mmoL/L, past diabetes history, admission diagnosis48.5† – 0.8‡ Moderate
South–WestIdo-Ekiti, Ekiti State55 2003–2007Hospital-based retrospective record reviewUrban118* FPG>7 mmoL/L, past diabetes history, admission diagnosis57† – 3.0‡ Moderate
Ikeja, Lagos State54 1990–2000Hospital-based retrospective record reviewUrban242* FPG>7 mmoL/L, past diabetes history, admission diagnosis – – 2.3.0‡ Moderate
Ikeja, Lagos State56 2006Hospital-based prospective observational studyUrban206∞WHO 1999, past diabetes history – – 73.0‡ Moderate
Ogbomoso, Oyo State57 2013Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban2062 hr-pG or RBG>11.1 mmoL/L45.3 – 1.5Moderate
Ijora, Ajegunle and Makoko, Lagos State58 2010–2012Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban24342 hr-pG or RBG>11.1 mmoL/L51 – 3.4Moderate
Ogun State59 2013Population-based cross-sectionals studyMixed58657FPG>7 mmoL/L, RBG>11.1 mmoL/L40.75.55.1Moderate
Osogbo, Osun State60 2009Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban586FPG>7 mmoL/L, RBG>11.1 mmoL/L, known diabetic on treatment42.45.03.8Moderate
Ibadan and Igbo-Ora, Oyo State61 1994Population-based cross-sectional studyMixed500FPG>7 mmoL/L, 2hr-pG>11.1 mmoL/L60.84.31.6Moderate
Aaye Ekiti, Ekiti State62 2013Population-based cross-sectional studyRural208ADA 200366.84.64.8Moderate
Lagos, Lagos State63 1988Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban16172 hr-pG or RBG>11.1 mmoL/L44.24.41.8Moderate
Ibadan, Oyo State64 2010–2011Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban301WHO-IDF 200649–4.7Moderate
Egbeda, Oyo State65 2002–2005Population-based cross-sectional studyRural2000WHO-IDF 200642.16.42.5Moderate
Ibadan, Oyo State66 1995Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban245WHO 1985624.82.8Moderate
Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State67 2015Population-based cross-sectional studyRural750ADA 2012, WHO-IDF 200661.7–6.8Moderate
Ibadan, Oyo State68 1995Population-based cross-sectional studyUrban849WHO 198540.84.40.8High
MultizonalInterstate69 1999Population basedMixed856WHO 199849.5–1.0Moderate
Interstate70 2012Population-based cross-sectional studyMixed1595RBG>11.1 mmoL/L, self-report55.9–3.3High

  • * Represents T2DM hospital admissions; ADA 2003,18 WHO 1985,19 WHO 1998,20 WHO-IDF 2006.16

  • † Represents mean age at death.

  • ‡ Represents case fatality rates (expressed as proportion of deaths from T2DM hospital admissions).

  • ADA, American Diabetes Association; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; IDF, International Diabetes Federation; RBG, random blood glucose; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; 2hr-PG, 2-hour postprandial glucose.