Gender and age specific risk of cold spells and heat waves on total non-accidental mortality in Jinan, China
| Exposure period | RR of cold spell (95% CI) | RR of heat wave (95% CI) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1.09 (1.06 to 1.12)** | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.07)* |
| Female | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.16)** | 1.04 (1.00 to 1.07)* |
| Age (years) | ||
| 0–64 | 1.14 (1.09 to 1.19)** | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.02) |
| ≥65 | 1.08 (1.06 to 1.11)** | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.06)** |
*p<0.05, **p<0.01